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Efficacy of larvicides for the control of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya vectors in an urban cemetery in southern Mexico

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Abstract

Many countries in Latin America have recently experienced outbreaks of Zika and chikungunya fever, in additional to the usual burden imposed by dengue, all of which are transmitted by Aedes aegypti in this region. To identify potential larvicides, we determined the toxicity of eight modern insecticides to A. aegypti larvae from a colony that originated from field-collected insects in southern Mexico. The most toxic compounds were pyriproxyfen (which prevented adult emergence) and λ-cyhalothrin, followed by spinetoram, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and acetamiprid, with chlorantraniliprole and spiromesifen the least toxic products. Field trails performed in an urban cemetery during a chikungunya epidemic revealed that insecticide-treated ovitraps were completely protected from the presence of Aedes larvae and pupae for 6 and 7 weeks in spinosad (Natular G30) and λ-cyhalothrin-treated traps in both seasons, respectively, compared to 5–6 weeks for temephos granule-treated ovitraps, but was variable for pyriproxyfen-treated ovitraps with and 1 and 5 weeks of absolute control in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Insecticide treatments influenced the mean numbers of Aedes larvae + pupae in each ovitrap, mean numbers of eggs laid, and percentage of egg hatch over time in both trials. The dominant species was A. aegypti in both seasons, although the invasive vector Aedes albopictus was more prevalent in the rainy season (26.7%) compared to the dry season (10.2%). We conclude that the granular formulation of spinosad (Natular G30) and a suspension concentrate formulation of λ-cyhalothrin proved highly effective against Aedes spp. in both the dry and rainy seasons in the cemetery habitat in this region.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Sergio R. Torreblanca (Coordinador de Control de Vectores, Jurisdicción Sanitaria No. 7) for the permission to perform cemetery experiments. We also thank Eufronio Diaz, Magdali Agustín, Antonia Ramírez, and Surisaday Mejía for valuable technical assistance and Gabriel Mercado (INECOL) for logistical support to TW. The study was funded by the CONACYT-FOSISSS project number 2012-180201 awarded to CFM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública – INSP, 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico

    Carlos F. Marina, J. Guillermo Bond, José Muñoz & Jorge A. Torres-Monzón

  2. ECOSUR, 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico

    Javier Valle

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, 66450, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Humberto Quiroz-Martínez

  4. Instituto de Ecología AC (INECOL), Xalapa, 91070, Veracruz, Mexico

    Trevor Williams

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  1. Carlos F. Marina
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Correspondence to Trevor Williams.

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The mosquito colony fed on rabbit blood in line with guidelines established by the Ethics Committee of the Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mexico.

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Marina, C.F., Bond, J.G., Muñoz, J. et al. Efficacy of larvicides for the control of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya vectors in an urban cemetery in southern Mexico. Parasitol Res 117, 1941–1952 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-018-5891-x

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