Parasitology Research

, Volume 113, Issue 4, pp 1361–1370 | Cite as

Structural and molecular characterization of Kudoa quraishii n. sp. from the trunk muscle of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Perciforme, Scombridae) in Saudi Arabia coasts

  • Lamjed Mansour
  • Abdel Halim Harrath
  • Omar H. Abd-Elkader
  • Saleh Alwasel
  • Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki
  • Suliman Y. Al Omar
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

A new Myxozoa, Kudoa quraishii n. sp., is reported in the striated muscle of the Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta from the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf in Saudi Arabia. Mean prevalence of infection is about 20 % and varies between localities. The parasite develops whitish and oval or rounded pseudocysts of 0.2–3 mm in the striated muscles of the body. Pseudocysts are filled with mature spores. Myxospores are quadrate in shape in apical view with rounded edges and ovoid in side view. Each spore is formed by four equal shell valves and four symmetrical polar capsules. Polar capsules are pyriform in apical view and drop-like in side view. Myxospore measurements in micrometers are 6.14 (5.9–6.34) in width, 5.48 (5.3–5.71) in thickness, and 4.27 (4.1–4.42) in length. Polar capsule measurements in apical view in micrometers are 2.08 (1.88–2.28) and 1.31 (1.10–1.52) length by width. Molecular analysis based on SSU rDNA gene shows closest association with K. amamiensis and K. kenti with respectively 98 and 97.2 % of similarities.

Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding the work through the research group project NoRGP-VPP-164. The authors express their sincere appreciation to the anonymous referees and the Editor-in-Chief for their useful comments and suggestions

References

  1. Abdel-Ghaffar F, Bashtar AR, Mehlhorn H, Al-Rasheid K, Al-Olayan E, Abdel-Baki AA, Morsy K (2009) Ultrastructure and host parasite relationships of Kudoa pagrusi (Myxozoa) infecting the heart muscles of sea bream Pagrus pagrus (L.) from the Red Sea. Parasitol Res 106(1):121–129PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Abdel-Ghaffar F, Morsy K, Mehlhorn H, Bashtar AR, Shazly MA, Saad AH, Abdel-Gaber R (2012) First report of Kudoa species (Myxozoa: Kudoidae) infecting the spotted coral grouper Plectropomus maculates from the Red Sea. A light and ultrastructural study. Parasitol Res 111(4):1579–1585PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Abdussamad EM, Kasim HM, Achayya P (2006) Fishery and population characteristics of Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier) at Kakinada. Indian J Fish 53(1):77–83Google Scholar
  4. Al Quraishy S, Koura E, Abdel-Baki AS, Bashtar AR, El Deed N, Al Rasheid K, Abdel Ghaffar F (2008) Light and electron microscopic studies on Kudoa pagrusi sp. n. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) infecting the heart of sea bream Pagrus pagrus (L.) from the Red Sea. Parasitol Res 102(2):205–209PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schaffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25(17):3389–3402PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Andree KB, Szekely C, Molnar K, Gresoviac SJ, Hedrick RP (1999) Relationships among members of the genus Myxobolus (Myxozoa: Bilvalvidae) based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. J Parasitol 85(1):68–74PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Aseeva NL (2004) New species of Myxosporea from genus Kudoa (Myxosporea, Multivalvulida) found in muscles of some fishes of the sea of Japan. Vestnik zoologii 38(2):75–77Google Scholar
  8. Burger MA, Adlard RD (2010a) Four new species of Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947 (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) from Australia with recommendations for species descriptions in the Kudoidae. Parasitology 137(5):793–814PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Burger MA, Adlard RD (2010b) Phenotypic variation in a significant spore character in Kudoa (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) species infecting brain tissue. Parasitology 137(12):1759–1772PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Burger MA, Adlard RD (2011) Low host specificity in the Kudoidae (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) including seventeen new host records for Kudoa thalassomi. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 58(1):1–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Burger MA, Barnes AC, Adlard RD (2008) Wildlife as reservoirs for parasites infecting commercial species: host specificity and a redescription of Kudoa amamiensis from teleost fish in Australia. J Fish Dis 31(11):835–844PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Burger MA, Cribb TH, Adlard RD (2007) Patterns of relatedness in the Kudoidae with descriptions of Kudoa chaetodoni n. sp. and K. lethrini n. sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida). Parasitology 134(Pt 5):669–681PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Canning EU, Okamura B (2004) Biodiversity and evolution of the Myxozoa. Adv Parasitol 56:43–131PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Collette BB, Nauen CE (1983) Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. In: FAO (ed) FAO species catalogue, vol 2, FAO Fish Synopsis. FAO, Rome, p 137Google Scholar
  15. Devaraj M, Pillai VN, Vivekanandan E (1997) Fisheries environment in the APFIC region with particular emphasis on northern Indian Ocean. In: IMDaPM (ed) Small pelagic resources and their fisheries in the Asia-Pacific region, vol 31. RAP Publication, Bangkok, pp 17–61Google Scholar
  16. Diamant A, Ucko M, Paperna I, Colorni A, Lipshitz A (2005) Kudoa iwatai (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) in wild and cultured fish in the Red Sea: redescription and molecular phylogeny. J Parasitol 91(5):1175–1189PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Egusa S (1986) The order Multivalvulida Shulman, 1959 (Myxozoa; Myxosporea): a review. Fish Pathol 21:261–274CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Egusa S, Nakajima K (1980) Kudoa amamiensis n. sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) found in cultured yellowtails and wild damselfishes from Amami-Ohshima and Okinawa, Japan. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 46:1193–1198CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Egusa S, Shiomitsu T (1983) Studies on myxosporidian parasites of the genus Kudoa found in marine fish cultured in Japan. Fish Pathol 18:163–171CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. F.A.O (2000) Supplement to the report of a workshop on the fishery and management of short mackerel (Rastrelliger spp) on the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Project reports (not in a series)—field report F 4/Supp1. FAO, RomeGoogle Scholar
  21. Ganga U (2010) Investigations on the biology of Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier) along the Central Kerala coast with special reference to maturation, feeding and lipid dynamics. Cochin University of Science and TechnologyGoogle Scholar
  22. Gorchanok NV, Yurakhno VM (2005) New data about infestation of Neogobius melanostomus (Pisces: Gobiidae) with muscle parasite Kudoa nova (Myxosporea: Kudoidae) in the Sea of Azov. Ecol mor 68(37–41)Google Scholar
  23. Grossel GW, Dykova I, Handlinger J, Munday BL (2003) Pentacapsula neurophila sp. n. (Multivalvulida) from the central nervous system of striped trumpeter, Latris lineata (Forster). J Fish Dis 26(6):315–320PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Heiniger H, Adlard RD (2012) Host specificity and local infection dynamics of Kudoa leptacanthae n. sp. (Multivalvulida: Kudoidae) from the pericardial cavity of two Zoramia spp. (Perciformes: Apogonidae) at Lizard Island lagoon, Queensland, Australia. Parasitol Int 61(4):697–706PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Heiniger H, Cribb TH, Adlard RD (2013) Intra-specific variation of Kudoa spp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) from apogonid fishes (Perciformes), including the description of two new species, K. cheilodipteri n. sp. and K. cookii n. sp., from Australian waters. Syst Parasitol 84(3):193–215PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Hervio DML, Kent ML, Khattra J, Sakanari J, Yokoyama H, Devlin RH (1997) Taxonomy of Kudoa species (Myxosporea) using small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence. Can J Zoo 75:2112–2119CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Huang X, Madan A (1999) CAP3: a DNA sequence assembly program. Genome Res 9(9):868–877PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Iversen ES, Van Meter NN (1967) A new myxosporidian (Sporozoa) infecting the Spanish mackerel. Bull Mar Sci 17:268–273Google Scholar
  29. Kawai T, Sekizuka T, Yahata Y, Kuroda M, Kumeda Y, Iijima Y, Kamata Y, Sugita-Konishi Y, Ohnishi T (2012) Identification of Kudoa septempunctata as the causative agent of novel food poisoning outbreaks in Japan by consumption of Paralichthys olivaceus in raw fish. Clin Infect Dis 54(8):1046–1052PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Kent ML, Andree KB, Bartholomew JL, El-Matbouli M, Desser SS, Devlin RH, Feist SW, Hedrick RP, Hoffmann RW, Khattra J, Hallett SL, Lester RJ, Longshaw M, Palenzeula O, Siddall ME, Xiao C (2001) Recent advances in our knowledge of the Myxozoa. J Eukaryot Microbiol 48(4):395–413PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Koura EA (2000) Kudoa aegyptia sp. n. (Myxozoa: Multivalvulida), in the heart muscles of haffara fish Rhabdosargus haffara. Egypt J Zool 34:1–26Google Scholar
  32. Kovaleva AA, Gaevskaya AV (1983) The first report of fish Myxosporidia from the open waters of the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Vestn Zool 1:6–11Google Scholar
  33. Langdon JS (1991) Myoliquefaction post-mortem (‘milky flesh’) due to Kudoa thyrsites (Gilchnst) (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) in mahi mahi, Coryphaena hippurus L. J Fish Dis 14:45–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Levsen A, Jorgensen A, Mo TA (2008) Occurrence of postmortem myoliquefactive kudoosis in Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., from the North Sea. J Fish Dis 31(8):601–611PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Li YC, Sato H, Tanaka S, Ohnishi T, Kamata Y, Sugita-Konishi Y (2013) Characterization of the ribosomal RNA gene of Kudoa neothunni (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) in tunas (Thunnus spp.) and Kudoa scomberi n. sp. in a chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus). Parasitol Res 112(5):1991–2003PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Lom J, Arthur JR (1989) A guideline for the preparation of species description in Myxosporea. J Fish Dis 12:151–156CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. Lom J, Dykova I (2006) Myxozoan genera: definition and notes on taxonomy, life-cycle terminology and pathogenic species. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 53(1):1–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Lom J, Dyková I (1994) Studies on protozoan parasites of Australian fishes: III. Species of the genus Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882. Eur J Protistol 30(4):431–439CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Machkevsky VK, Gorchanok NV (2005) Interaction between Myxosporidia Kudoa nova Najdenova, 1975 and its hosts, the Azov’s gobiids. Ecologiya moray 69:39–43Google Scholar
  40. Madhavi R, Triveni Lakshmi T (2012) Community ecology of the metazoan parasites of the Indian mackerel (Scombridae) from the coast of Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal. J Parasit Dis 36(2):165–170PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Mansour L, Thabet A, Chourabi K, Harrath AH, Gtari M, Al Omar SY, Ben Hassine OK (2013) Kudoa azevedoi n. sp. (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) from the oocytes of the Atlantic horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus (Perciformes, Carangidae) in Tunisian coasts. Parasitol Res 112(4):1737–1747PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Matsukane Y, Sato H, Tanaka S, Kamata Y, Sugita-Konishi Y (2010) Kudoa septempunctata n. sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) from an aquacultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) imported from Korea. Parasitol Res 107(4):865–872PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Matsukane Y, Sato H, Tanaka S, Kamata Y, Sugita-Konishi Y (2011) Kudoa iwatai and two novel Kudoa spp., K. trachuri n. sp. and K. thunni n. sp. (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida), from daily consumed marine fish in western Japan. Parasitol Res 108(4):913–926PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Moran JD, Margolis L, Webster JM, Kent ML (1999a) Development of Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in netpen-reared Atlantic salmon determined by light microscopy and a polymerase chain reaction test. Dis Aquat Organ 37(3):185–193PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. Moran JDW, Whitaker DJ, Kent ML (1999b) Review of the myxosporean genus Kudoa Meglitsch, 1947, and its impact on the international aquaculture industry and commercial fisheries. Aquaculture 172:163–196CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. Murugesh M (1995) Monogenetic trematodes from scombrid fishes of the Visakhapatnam coast, Bay of Bengal. J Nat Hist 29:1–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Pascual SAE, Yurakhno V, Gaevskaya A (2012) Molecular characterization of Kudoa nova (Myxosporea: Multivalvulida) infecting the round goby Neogobius melanostomus from the Sea of Azov. Marine Ecological Journal 11(1):66–73Google Scholar
  48. Perard C (1928) Sur une maladie du maquereau (Scomber scomber L.) due a une Myxosporidie: Chloromyxum histolyticum n. sp. C R Acad Sci Paris 186:108–110Google Scholar
  49. Ravichandran S, Ramesh Kumar G, Mahesh Babu B, Kumarvel K (2009) Infestation of Rastrelliger kanagurta, with Cymathoid isopod, Joryma brachysoma in the Colachel environment of southwest coast of India. World J Fish Mar Sci 1:80–84Google Scholar
  50. Reimschuessel R, Gieseker CM, Driscoll C, Baya A, Kane AS, Blazer VS, Evans JJ, Kent ML, Moran JD, Poynton SL (2003) Myxosporean plasmodial infection associated with ulcerative lesions in young-of-the-year Atlantic menhaden in a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, and possible links to Kudoa clupeidae. Dis Aquat Organ 53(2):143–166PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Sandeep BV, Kalavati C, Narasimhamurti CC (1986) Kudoa atropis sp.n. Myxosporea: Multivalvulida a myxosporidian parasite from the gills of Atropus atropus. Vestn Cesk Spol Zool 50:132–135Google Scholar
  52. Sarkar NK (2012) Three new species of Myxosporea (Bivalvulida), parasites of the gallbladder of scombrid fish, from the Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean), West Bengal, India. Protistology 7(3):172–177Google Scholar
  53. Schärer L, Vizoso D (2003) Earlier sex change in infected individuals of the protogynous reef fish Thalassoma bifasciatum. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 55(2):137–143CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. Shukhgalter OA (2004) The parasite fauna of the chub mackerel (Scombridae: Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782) in the central-eastern Atlantic (Atlantic coast of the Northern Africa and the Azores Archipelago banks). Parazitologiia 38(2):160–170PubMedGoogle Scholar
  55. Sivadas MP, Nair NR, Balasubramanian KK, Bhaskaran MM (2006) Length weight relationship, relative condition, size at first maturity and sex ratio of Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta from Calicut. J mar BiolAss India 48(2):274–277Google Scholar
  56. Sugiyama A, Yokoyama H, Ogawa K (1999) Epizootiological investigation on kudoosis amami caused by Kudoa amamiensis (Multivalvulida: Myxozoa) in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Fish Pathol 34:39–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. Swearer SE, Robertson DR (1999) Life history, pathology, and description of Kudoa ovivora n. sp. (Myxozoa, Myxosporea): an ovarian parasite of Caribbean labroid fishes. J Parasitol 85(2):337–353PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28(10):2731–2739PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25(24):4876–4882PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. Whipps CM, Grossel G, Adlard RD, Yokoyama H, Bryant MS, Munday BL, Kent ML (2004) Phylogeny of the Multivalvulidae (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) based on comparative ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. J Parasitol 90(3):618–622PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. Whipps CM, Kent ML (2006) Phylogeography of the cosmopolitan marine parasite Kudoa thyrsites (Myxozoa: Myxosporea). J Euk Microbiol 53(5):364–373PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. Xiao C, Desser SS (2000) Molecular characterization of myxozoan parasites from Lake Sasajewun, Algonquin Park, Ontario, by riboprinting. J Euk Microbiol 47(1):85–89PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. Yurakhno VM, Ovcharenko MO, Holzer AS, Sarabeev VL, Balbuena JA (2007) Kudoa unicapsula n. sp. (Myxosporea: Kudoidae) a parasite of the Mediterranean mullets Liza ramada and L. aurata (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Parasitol Res 101(6):1671–1680PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. Zhang JY, Meng F, Yokoyama H, Miyahara J, Takami I, Ogawa K (2010) Myxosporean and microsporidian infections in cultured Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis in Japan. Fish Sci 76(6):981–990CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Lamjed Mansour
    • 1
  • Abdel Halim Harrath
    • 1
  • Omar H. Abd-Elkader
    • 1
  • Saleh Alwasel
    • 1
  • Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki
    • 1
  • Suliman Y. Al Omar
    • 1
  1. 1.Zoology Department, College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

Personalised recommendations