Brain Structure and Function

, Volume 219, Issue 3, pp 1055–1081 | Cite as

Extending the socio-sexual brain: arginine-vasopressin immunoreactive circuits in the telencephalon of mice

  • Marcos Otero-Garcia
  • Ana Martin-Sanchez
  • Lluis Fortes-Marco
  • Joana Martínez-Ricós
  • Carmen Agustin-Pavón
  • Enrique Lanuza
  • Fernando Martínez-García
Original Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Quantitative analysis of the immunoreactivity for arginine-vasopressin (AVP-ir) in the telencephalon of male (intact and castrated) and female CD1 mice allows us to precisely locate two sexually dimorphic (more abundant in intact than castrated males and females) AVP-ir cell groups in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and the amygdala. Chemoarchitecture (NADPH diaphorase) reveals that the intraamygdaloid AVP-ir cells are located in the intra-amygdaloid BST (BSTIA) rather than the medial amygdala (Me), as previously thought. Then, we have used for the first time tract tracing (combined with AVP immunofluorescence) and fiber-sparing lesions of the BST to analyze the projections of the telencephalic AVP-ir cell groups. The results demonstrate that the posterior BST originates the sexually dimorphic innervation of the lateral septum, the posterodorsal Me and a substance P-negative area in the medioventral striato-pallidum (mvStP).The BSTIA may also contribute to some of these terminal fields. Our material also reveals non-dimorphic AVP-ir processes in two locations of the amygdala. First, the ventral Me shows dendrite-like AVP-ir processes apparently belonging supraoptic neurons, whose possible functions are discussed. Second, the Ce shows sparse, thick AVP-ir axons with high individual variability in density and distribution, whose possible influence on stress coping in relation to the affiliative or agonistic behaviors mediated by the Me are discussed. Finally, we propose that the region of the mvStP showing sexually dimorphic AVP-ir innervation is part of the brain network for socio-sexual behavior, in which it would mediate motivational aspects of chemosensory-guided social interactions.

Keywords

Medial ventral striatum Ventral pallidum Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis Islands of Calleja Amygdala Socio-sexual behavior 

Abbreviations

3V

Third ventricle

AA

Anterior amygdaloid area

AAD

Anterior amygdaloid area, dorsal part

AAV

Anterior amygdaloid area, ventral part

AC

Anterior commissural nucleus

aca

Anterior commissure, anterior part

Acb

Accumbens nucleus

AcbC

Accumbens nucleus, core

AcbSh

Accumbens nucleus, shell

ACo

Anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus

acp

Anterior commissure, posterior part

AD

Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus

ADP

Anterodorsal preoptic nucleus

AHA

Anterior hypothalamic area, anterior part

AHiAL

Amygdalohippocampal area, anterolateral part

AHiMP

Amygdalohippocampal area, medial posterior part

AIP

Agranular insular cortex, posterior part

AM

Anteromedial thalamic nucleus

AOM

Anterior olfactory nucleus, medial part

AOP

Anterior olfactory nucleus, posterior part

APir

Amygdalopiriform transition area

AStr

Amygdalostriatal transition area

AV

Anteroventral thalamic nucleus

AVP

Arginine-vasopressin

AVPe

Anteroventral periventricular nucleus

AVP-ir

Arginine-vasopressin immunoreactive

AVV

Anteroventral thalamic nucleus, ventral part

BAC

Bed nucleus of the anterior commissure

BAOT

Bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract

BLA

Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, anterior

BLP

Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, posterior

BLV

Basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventral

BMA

Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, anterior

BMP

Basomedial amygdaloid nucleus, posterior

BST

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

BSTIA

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, intraamygdaloid division

BSTLD

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, dorsal part

BSTLI

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, intermediate part

BSTLJ

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, juxtacapsular part

BSTLP

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, posterior part

BSTLV

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, ventral part

BSTMA

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, anterior part

BSTMP

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, posterior part

BSTMPI

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, posterointermediate part

BSTMPL

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, posterolateral part

BSTMPM

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, posteromedial part

BSTMV

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, ventral part

BSTS

Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, supracapsular part

CA1

Field CA1 of hippocampus

CA2

Field CA2 of hippocampus

CA3

Field CA3 of hippocampus

cc

Corpus callosum

Ce

Central amygdaloid nucleus

CeC

Central amygdaloid nucleus, capsular part

CeL

Central amygdaloid nucleus, lateral division

CeM

Central amygdaloid nucleus, medial division

CeMPV

Central amygdaloid nucleus, medial division, posteroventral part

Cg1

Cingulate cortex, area 1

Cg2

Cingulate cortex, area 2

Cl

Claustrum

CM

Central medial thalamic nucleus

CPu

Caudate putamen (striatum)

CxA

Cortex-amygdala transition zone

D3V

Dorsal third ventricle

DEn

Dorsal endopiriform nucleus

DG

Dentate gyrus

DP

Dorsal peduncular cortex

DTT

Dorsal tenia tecta

f

Fornix

FG

Fluorogold

fi

Fimbria of the hippocampus

fmi

Forceps minor of the corpus callosum

GrDG

Granular layer of the dentate gyrus

HDB

Nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band

I

Intercalated nuclei of the amygdala

IAD

Interanterodorsal thalamic nucleus

ic

Internal capsule

ICj

Islands of Calleja

ICjM

Islands of Calleja, major island

IG

Indusium griseum

IL

Infralimbic cortex

IM

Intercalated amygdaloid nucleus, main part

IPAC

Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure

IPACL

Lateral interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure

IPACM

Medial interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure

La

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus

LA

Lateroanterior hypothalamic nucleus

LaDL

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsolateral part

LaVL

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventrolateral part

LaVM

Lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part

LEnt

Lateral entorhinal cortex

LGP

Lateral globus pallidus

LH

Lateral hypothalamic area

lo

Lateral olfactory tract

LOT

Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract

LOT 1

Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, layer 1

LOT 2

Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, layer 2

LOT 3

Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, layer 3

LPO

Lateral preoptic area

LS

Lateral septum

LSD

Lateral septal nucleus, dorsal part

LSI

Lateral septal nucleus, intermediate part

LSV

Lateral septal nucleus, ventral part

LV

Lateral ventricle

M1

Primary motor cortex

M2

Secondary motor cortex

MCPO

Magnocellular preoptic nucleus

MD

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

Me

Medial amygdaloid nucleus

MeA

Medial amygdaloid nucleus, anterior part

MeAD

Medial amygdaloid nucleus, anterior dorsal part

MeAV

Medial amygdaloid nucleus, anteroventral part

MePD

Medial amygdaloid nucleus, posterodorsal part

MePV

Medial amygdaloid nucleus, posteroventral part

mfb

Medial forebrain bundle

MGP

Medial globus pallidus (entopeduncular nucleus)

MnPO

Median preoptic nucleus

MO

Medial orbital cortex

MPA

Medial preoptic area

MPO

Medial preoptic nucleus

MPOM

Medial preoptic nucleus, medial part

MS

Medial septal nucleus

mvStP

Medioventral striato-pallidum

NADPHd

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase

opt

Optic tract

Or

Oriens layer of the hippocampus

PaAP

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior parvicellular part

PB

Phosphate buffer

PBS

Phosphate buffered saline

Pir

Piriform cortex

PLCo

Posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus

PMCo

Posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus

PRh

Perirhinal cortex

PrL

Prelimbic cortex

PT

Paratenial thalamic nucleus

PVA

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus, anterior part

Py

Pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus

Rad

Stratum radiatum of the hippocampus

Re

Reuniens thalamic nucleus

Rt

Reticular thalamic nucleus

SCh

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

SFi

Septofimbrial nucleus

SFO

Subfornical organ

SHi

Septohippocampal nucleus

SHy

Septohypothalamic nucleus

SI

Substantia innominata

SLu

Stratum lucidum, hippocampus

SM

Nucleus of the stria medullaris

sm

Stria medullaris of the thalamus

SO

Supraoptic nucleus

SP

Substance P

st

Stria terminalis

StA

Strial part of the preoptic area

TBS

TRIS buffered saline

Tu

Olfactory tubercle

V1aR

Arginine-vasopressin receptor type 1a

V1bR

Arginine-vasopressin receptor type 1b

VA

Ventral anterior thalamic nucleus

VEn

Ventral endopiriform nucleus

VDB

Ventral diagonal band

VLPO

Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

VMPO

Ventromedial preoptic nucleus

VO

Ventral orbital cortex

VOLT

Vascular organ of the lamina terminalis

VP

Ventral pallidum

VTT

Ventral tenia tecta

Xi

Xiphoid thalamic nucleus

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Notes

Acknowledgments

This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science-FEDER (BFU2007-67912/BFI and BFU2010-16656/BFI), the Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP/2010/127) and the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha/FEDER (PEIC11-0045-4490). This paper is part of the Doctoral Thesis of Marcos Otero-Garcia. The authors are indebted to Adoración Hernandez-Martinez for her invaluable help throughout the experimental work.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  • Marcos Otero-Garcia
    • 1
  • Ana Martin-Sanchez
    • 1
  • Lluis Fortes-Marco
    • 1
  • Joana Martínez-Ricós
    • 2
  • Carmen Agustin-Pavón
    • 3
  • Enrique Lanuza
    • 1
  • Fernando Martínez-García
    • 1
  1. 1.Laboratori de Neuroanatomia Funcional Comparada, Depts. Biologia Funcional i Biologia Cel·lular, Fac. Ciències BiològiquesUniv. ValènciaBurjassotSpain
  2. 2.Dept. Anatomia i Embriologia Humana, Fac. MedicinaUniv. ValènciaValènciaSpain
  3. 3.EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG)Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF)BarcelonaSpain

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