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Leaf vascular architecture in temperate dicotyledons: correlations and link to functional traits

  • Kiyosada KawaiEmail author
  • Naoki Okada
Original Article
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Abstract

Main conclusions

Using 227 dicotyledonous species in temperate region, we found the relationships among densities of different-order veins, creating diversity of leaf vascular architectures.

Abstract

Dicotyledonous angiosperms commonly possess a hierarchical leaf vascular system, wherein veins of different orders have different functions. Minor vein spacing determines leaf hydraulic efficiency, whereas the major veins provide mechanical support. However, there is limited information on the coordination between these vein orders across species, limiting our understanding of how diversity in vein architecture is arrayed. We aimed to examine the (1) relationships between vein densities at two spatial scales (lower- vs. higher-order veins and among minor veins) and (2) relationships of vein densities with plant functional traits. We studied ten traits related to vein densities and three functional traits (leaf dry mass per area [LMA], leaf longevity [LL], and adult plant height [Hadult]) for 227 phylogenetically diverse plant species that occur in temperate regions and examined the vein–vein and vein–functional traits relationships across species. The densities of lower- and higher-order veins were positively correlated across species. The minor vein density was positively correlated with the densities of both areoles and free-ending veins, and vascular networks with higher minor vein density tended to have a lower ratio of free-ending veins to areoles across species. Neither densities of lower- nor higher-order veins were related to LMA and LL. On the other hand, the densities of veins and areoles tended to be positively correlated with Hadult. These results suggest that densities of different-order veins are developmentally coordinated across dicotyledonous angiosperms and form the independent axis in resource use strategies based on the leaf economics spectrum.

Keywords

Areole Free-ending vein Leaf economics spectrum (LES) Major vein Minor vein Phylogenetic signal 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

We thank the Division of Natural History, Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Japan, for providing access to the Yokoyama Akira Cleared Leaf Collection. K. Handa helped us to access the collection. Drs. K. Kitajima, K. Kitayama, A. Osawa, A. Fajardo, and M. R. Carins Murphy provided valuable comments on the early version of the manuscript. We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which improved our manuscript greatly.

Supplementary material

425_2019_3295_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx (59 kb)
Supplementary material 1: Table S1 Mean values of ten traits related to vein densities and three functional traits for 227 species. (XLSX 58 kb)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversitySakyo-KuJapan
  2. 2.Center for Ecological ResearchKyoto UniversityOtsuJapan
  3. 3.Graduate School of Global Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversitySkyo-KuJapan

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