Planta

, Volume 235, Issue 6, pp 1209–1219 | Cite as

Ultrastructure of the innermost surface of differentiating normal and compression wood tracheids as revealed by field emission scanning electron microscopy

  • Jong Sik Kim
  • Tatsuya Awano
  • Arata Yoshinaga
  • Keiji Takabe
Original Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

The ultrastructure of the innermost surface of Cryptomeria japonica differentiating normal wood (NW) and compression wood (CW) was comparatively investigated by field emission electron microscopy (FE-SEM) combined with enzymatic degradation of hemicelluloses. Cellulose microfibril (CMF) bundles were readily observed in NW tracheids in the early stage of secondary cell wall formation, but not in CW tracheids because of the heavy accumulation of amorphous materials composed mainly of galactans and lignin. This result suggests that the ultrastructural deposition of cell wall components in the tracheid cell wall differ between NW and CW from the early stage of secondary cell wall formation. Delignified NW and CW tracheids showed similar structural changes during differentiating stages after xylanase or β-mannanase treatment, whereas they exhibited clear differences in ultrastructure in mature stages. Although thin CMF bundles were exposed in both delignified mature NW and CW tracheids by xylanase treatment, ultrastructural changes following β-mannanase treatment were only observed in CW tracheids. CW tracheids also showed different degradation patterns between xylanase and β-mannanase. CMF bundles showed a smooth surface in delignified mature CW tracheids treated with xylanase, whereas they had an uneven surface in delignified mature CW tracheids treated with β-mannanase, indicating that the uneven surface of CMF bundles was related to xylans. The present results suggest that ultrastructural deposition and organization of lignin and hemicelluloses in CW tracheids may differ from those of NW tracheids.

Keywords

Cellulose microfibril Compression wood Cryptomeria japonica FE-SEM Hemicellulose Lignin 

Abbreviations

CMF

Cellulose microfibril

CW

Compression wood

NW

Normal wood

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Notes

Acknowledgments

Jong Sik Kim is grateful for the Research Fellowship for Young Scientists provided by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jong Sik Kim
    • 1
    • 2
  • Tatsuya Awano
    • 1
  • Arata Yoshinaga
    • 1
  • Keiji Takabe
    • 1
  1. 1.Laboratory of Tree Cell Biology, Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
  2. 2.Wood Science, Department of Forest ProductsSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden

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