Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology

, Volume 468, Issue 9, pp 1505–1516 | Cite as

Deep insights: intravital imaging with two-photon microscopy

Invited Review
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Intravital multiphoton microscopy is widely used to assess the structure and function of organs in live animals. Although different tissues vary in their accessibility for intravital multiphoton imaging, considerable progress has been made in the imaging quality of all tissues due to substantial technical improvements in the relevant imaging components, such as optics, excitation laser, detectors, and signal analysis software. In this review, we provide an overview of the technical background of intravital multiphoton microscopy. Then, we note a few seminal findings that were made through the use of multiphoton microscopy. Finally, we address the technical limitations of the method and provide an outlook for how these limitations may be overcome through future technical developments.

Keywords

Intravital imaging Multiphoton microscopy Labeling strategies 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We appreciate the scientific discussion on the role of intravital microscopy in neuroscience with Dr. Sophia Bardehle. The authors’ work was supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB699/B7).

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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Institute of PhysiologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany

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