Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery

, Volume 399, Issue 5, pp 639–647 | Cite as

Gene expression changes in cancellous bone of type 2 diabetics: a biomolecular basis for diabetic bone disease

  • A. T. Haug
  • K. F. Braun
  • S. Ehnert
  • L. Mayer
  • U. Stöckle
  • A. K. Nüssler
  • S. Pscherer
  • T. Freude
Original Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Purpose

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (2DM) is associated with altered bone quality. In order to analyze associated changes on a molecular level, we investigated the gene expression of key factors of osteoblast metabolism in type 2 diabetics.

Methods

Total mRNA and protein of bone samples from 2DM patients and non-diabetic patients were isolated, and subsequently, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or Western blot was performed. Furthermore, pro- and anti-inflammatory serum cytokine levels were determined using a cytokine array.

Results

Expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) was increased by 53 %. Expression of the bone sialoproteins, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1; osteopontin), and integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), was elevated by more than 50 %, and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expression was 13 % lower in the investigated diabetes group compared to the control group. Similarly, the expression of versican (VCAN) and decorin (DCN) was upregulated twofold in the diabetic group. At the same time, 2DM patients and controls show alterations in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in the serum.

Conclusions

This study identifies considerable changes in the expression of transcription factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components of bone in 2DM patients. Furthermore, the analysis of key differentiation factors of osteoblasts revealed significant alterations in gene expression of these factors, which may contribute to the dysregulation of energy metabolism in 2DM.

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus type 2 Bone Osteoblast differentiation ATF4 ECM Inflammation 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Marina Unger and Patrysya Lacorte for their technical assistance. In addition, we are thankful to Fritz Seidl and Dr. Luc Koster for editing the manuscript. This study was partially supported by the B. Braun Foundation.

Conflicts of interest

None

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • A. T. Haug
    • 1
  • K. F. Braun
    • 1
  • S. Ehnert
    • 2
  • L. Mayer
    • 2
  • U. Stöckle
    • 2
  • A. K. Nüssler
    • 2
  • S. Pscherer
    • 3
  • T. Freude
    • 2
  1. 1.Dept. of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University MunichMunichGermany
  2. 2.Clinic for Trauma and Reconstruction Surgery (BG Trauma Center)Eberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenTübingenGermany
  3. 3.Dept. of Internal Medicine, Klinikum TraunsteinTraunsteinGermany

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