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European Journal of Applied Physiology

, Volume 111, Issue 9, pp 2249–2259 | Cite as

Physiological elevation of endogenous hormones results in superior strength training adaptation

  • Bent R. Rønnestad
  • Håvard Nygaard
  • Truls Raastad
Original Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of transiently elevated endogenous hormone concentrations during exercise on strength training adaptations. Nine subjects performed four unilateral strength training session per week on the elbow flexors for 11 weeks. During two of the weekly sessions, leg exercises were performed to acutely increase the systemic anabolic hormone concentration immediately before the exercises for one of the elbow flexors (L + A). On the two other weekly training sessions, the contralateral elbow flexors were trained without prior leg exercises (A). By randomizing one arm of the subjects to serve as a control and the other as experimental, both conditions have the same nutritional and genetic environment. Serum testosterone and growth hormone was significantly increased during the L − A training session, while no hormonal changes occurred in the A session. Both A and L + A increased 1RM in biceps curl, peak power in elbow flexors at 30 and 60% of 1RM, and muscle volume of the elbow flexors (p < 0.05). However, only L + A achieved increase in CSA at the part of the arm flexors with largest cross sectional area (p < 0.001), while no changes occurred in A. L + A had superior relative improvement in 1RM biceps curl and favorable muscle adaptations in elbow flexors compared to A (p < 0.05). In conclusion, performing leg exercises prior to arm exercises, and thereby increasing the levels of serum testosterone and growth hormone, induced superior strength training adaptations compared to arm training without acute elevation of hormones.

Keywords

Plasma testosterone Growth hormone 1RM Peak power 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Stig Moland, Nils Einar Mæhlum, and Lars Amund Arntzen Toftegaard for their help in data collection. We also thank the dedicated group of test subject who made this study possible.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  • Bent R. Rønnestad
    • 1
  • Håvard Nygaard
    • 1
  • Truls Raastad
    • 2
  1. 1.Lillehammer University CollegeLillehammerNorway
  2. 2.Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway

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