European Journal of Applied Physiology

, Volume 96, Issue 4, pp 471–476 | Cite as

Effects of pressure exerted on the skin by elastic cord on the core temperature, body weight loss and salivary secretion rate at 35°C

Original Article
First Online:
Accepted:

Abstract

Effects of pressure exerted on the skin by elastic cord on the core temperature, body weight loss and salivary secretion rate were studied under conditions of ambient temperature of 35°C and a relative humidity of 60%. Twelve healthy females, aged 18–23 years, served as subjects. The subjects entered a bioclimatic chamber and rested quietly in a chair for 80 min. Then, skin pressure was exerted by applying elastic cord (8.5 mm wide) to six different skin areas, such as axilla, under-bust, waist, inguines, thighs and ankles. The values of skin pressure by elastic cord ranged from 11.9 to 33.3 g/cm2. In the control experiment, wrapping with an elastic cord was loosely performed without any skin pressure. Rectal and skin temperatures, body weight loss by sweating and salivary secretion rate were measured throughout the 160 min experimental period. Core temperature increased more significantly under pressure exerted on the skin. Body weight loss by mainly sweating and salivary secretion rate were significantly suppressed under pressure exerted on the skin. We discussed the physiological mechanisms in terms of suppression of central nervous activity as to why significant increase of core temperatures, inhibition of body weight loss mainly by sweating and of salivary secretion rate occurred, and furthermore practical significance of these findings for impairment of digestion, swallowing, vocalizing, defense against disease bacteria and sport activity.

Keywords

Skin pressure Elastic cord Core temperature Body weight loss Salivary secretion 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgement

The authors thank Dr. N. Shimojo, Tsukuba, Japan for his helpful comments, and Ms. E. Brejnakowska, Lodz, Poland for her kind corrections of our English text. The authors declare that the experiments comply with the current laws of Japan.

References

  1. Emmelin N (1979) Interactions between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on the control of the salivary glands. In: Koizumi K, Sato A (eds) Integrative functions of the autonomic nervous system. Tokyo University Press, Tokyo, pp 5–23Google Scholar
  2. Hirata K, Nagasaka T, Nonomura T, Hirai A, Hirashita M (1987) Effects of facial fanning on local exercise performance and thermoregulatory responses during hyperthermia. Eur J Appl Physiol 56:43–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Jeong YO, Tokura H (1995) Effects of wearing two different clothing ensembles on endurance performance of handgrip exercise. J Human Ergol 24:25–31Google Scholar
  4. Kosaka M, Takagi K, Koyama M (1967) Reflex inhibition of cold shivering by pressure in the skin and histological investigation of its afferent spinal pathway. Experientia 23:453–455PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Kozłowski S, Brezezińska Z, Kruk B, Kaciuba-Uściłko H, Greenleaf JE, Nazer K (1985) Exercise hyperthermia as a factor limiting physical performance: temperature effect on muscle metabolism. J Appl Physiol 59:766–773PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Kruk B, Kaciuba-Uściłko H, Nazer K, Greenleaf JE, Kozłowski S (1985) Hypothermic, rectal and muscle temperatures in exercising dogs: effects of cooling. J Appl Physiol 58:1444–1448PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Kumazawa T (1963) “Deactivation” of the rabbit’s brain by pressure application to the skin. EEG Clin Neurophysiol 15:660–671CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Lee YA, Hyun KJ, Tokura H (2000) The effects of skin pressure by clothing on circadian rhythms of core temperature and salivary melatonin. Chronobiol Int 17:783–793PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Lee YA, Hyun KJ, Tokura H (2001) Circadian rhythm of core temperature and urinary noradrenaline secretion under the influence of skin pressure due to foundation garments worn during the wakefulness. Biol Rhythm Res 32:389–400CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Mandel ID, Wotman S (1976) The salivary secretion in health and disease. Oral Sci Rev 8:25–47PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Mitchell JW, Nadel ER, Stolwijk AJ (1972) Respiratory weight loss during exercise. J Appl Physiol 32:474–476PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Ogawa T, Asayama M, Ito M, Yoshida K (1979) Significance of skin pressure in body heat balance. Jpn J Physiol 29:805–816PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Okura K, Midorikawa-Tsurutani T, Tokura H (2000) Effects of skin pressure applied by cuffs on resting salivary secretion. J Physiol Anthoropol 19:107–111CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Olshewski H, Brück K (1988) Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular and muscular factors related to exercise after precooling. J Appl Physiol 64:803–811Google Scholar
  15. Schmidt V, Brück K (1981) Effects of a precooling maneuver on body temperature and exercise performance. J Appl Physiol 50:772–778PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Tadaki E, Kumazawa T, Mizumura K, Takagi K (1981) Hemihidrosis due to skin pressure with particular remarks on the intensity and area of the pressure stimuli. Jpn J Physiol 31:259–267PubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Takagi K (1960) Influence of skin pressure on temperature regulation. In: Yoshimura H, Ogata K, Itoh S (eds) Essential problems in climatic physiology. Nankodo, Kyoto, pp 219–249Google Scholar
  18. Tokura H, Komatsu Y, Tamura N (1983) Effects of pressure applied by clothing upon sweating rates in sedentary women. J Home Econ Jpn 34:633–637Google Scholar
  19. Tsuchiya S (1953) The effects of skin pressure on the axillary temperature and gas exchange. Chapter 2: the effects of bilateral pressure on the body surface on the gas exchange and axillary temperature (in Japanese). Niigata Med J 67: 740–747Google Scholar
  20. Ueki S (1954) Further studies on the body temperature changes due to skin pressure (in Japanese). J Jpn Soc Physiol 16:97–103Google Scholar
  21. Yoneda S (1967) Clothing hygiene (in Japanese). Kagakudojin, Kyoto, p 146Google Scholar
  22. Zhang P, Tokura H (1995) Effects of skin pressure by cuff on endurance performance and voluntary reaction time. Jpn J Clothing Res 38:37–41Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2005

Authors and Affiliations

  • Sawako Tanaka
    • 1
  • Tomoko Midorikawa
    • 2
  • Hiromi Tokura
    • 3
  1. 1.Master’s Program of Environmental ScienceUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba, IbarakiJapan
  2. 2.Faculty of RehabilitationShijonawate Gakuen UniversityOsakaJapan
  3. 3.Institute of Textiles and ClothingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloon, Hong KongChina

Personalised recommendations