Archive of Applied Mechanics

, Volume 86, Issue 6, pp 1049–1061 | Cite as

Natural frequencies of multiple pendulum systems under free condition

  • Mukul K. Gupta
  • Nitish Sinha
  • Kamal Bansal
  • Arun K. Singh
Original

Abstract

In this classical article, we study natural frequencies of the multiple pendulum systems (MPSs) in a plane under the free condition. The systems of governing differential equations for the MPSs such as triple pendulum (TP) and double pendulum (DP) are derived using the Euler–Lagrangian equation of second kind to validate the Braun’s generalized expressions (Arch Appl Mech 72:899–910, 2003) for natural frequencies of multiple pendulum systems. The governing equations of the TP and DP systems are also derived in terms of angular momentum and angular displacement to confirm the basic results obtained using the aforementioned approach. The eigenvalue analysis of the pendulum systems ranging from single pendulum to quintuple indicates that natural frequency increases with degree of freedom for equal mass and length of each pendulum in a MPS. The results show that the natural frequency of a distributed pendulum system is larger than the corresponding to the point mass pendulum system. Moreover, the natural frequency of the bottom pendulum is the most sensitive to change in length or mass of either pendulum of a MPS. However, unlike mass-dependent natural frequency, the natural frequency of all pendulums of a multiple pendulum always decreases with increasing length of a pendulum in MPS. These results are, in turn, validated with Braun’s formula for natural frequency of a MPS.

Keywords

Multiple pendulums Double and triple pendulums Pendulum with point mass Pendulum with distributed mass Natural frequencies of multiple pendulums Euler–Lagrange equation of second kind Pendulum mass and length-dependent natural frequencies Linear and nonlinear pendulum systems 

Abbreviations

DP

Double pendulum

DPDM

Double pendulum with distributed mass

DPPM

Double pendulum with point mass

DoF

Degree of freedom

IP

Inverted pendulum

IDPDM

Inverted double pendulum with distributed mass

ITPDM

Inverted triple pendulum with distributed mass

IMPS

Inverted multiple pendulum system

K.E.

Kinetic energy

MPS

Multiple pendulum system

P.E.

Potential energy

QP

Quadruple pendulum

QtP

Quintuple pendulum

SP

Single pendulum

SPDM

Single pendulum with distributed mass

SPPM

Single pendulum with point mass

TPDM

Triple pendulum with distributed mass

TPPM

Triple pendulum with point mass

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Mukul K. Gupta
    • 1
  • Nitish Sinha
    • 2
  • Kamal Bansal
    • 1
  • Arun K. Singh
    • 2
  1. 1.University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradunIndia
  2. 2.Viswasvaraya National Institute of TechnologyNagpurIndia

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