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Risk factors for depressive symptoms in glaucoma patients: a nationwide case-control study

  • Glaucoma
  • Published:
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose was to investigate the risk factors for depressive symptoms in glaucoma patients.

Methods

From the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database in Taiwan, we included 1190 glaucoma patients with subsequent depression diagnoses in the case group and randomly selected 4673 glaucoma patients without depression diagnoses as the control group, matched by age, sex, and time of glaucoma diagnosis. The age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (ACCI) score was used to compute the burden of comorbidity for each patient. Current use (past 6 months) of topical antiglaucoma medications and systemic medications was identified. Multivariate regression was used to analyze the risk factors for depression.

Results

The mean age for glaucoma patients was 61.88 years. Patients with depressive symptoms had significantly higher ACCI scores (P < .0001). The current use of any topical antiglaucoma medications was not associated with an increased risk for depression. However, higher ACCI scores (P < .0001), cerebrovascular diseases (odds ratio [OR] = 1.324, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.118--1.568), dementia (OR = 2.647, 95 % CI = 2.142–3.270), thyroid diseases (OR = 1.720, 95 % CI = 1.366–2.165), headaches (OR = 1.299, 95 % CI = 1.112–1.518), and current use of systemic β-blockers (OR = 1.782, 95 % CI = 1.538–2.065) and calcium channel blockers (OR = 1.396, 95 % CI, 1.197–1.629) were found to increase the risk of depression in glaucoma patients.

Conclusions

In this study, a comorbidity burden was a significant risk factor for depression in glaucoma patients, particularly for those currently using systemic β-blockers and calcium channel blockers.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported in part by grants from the National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu branch (HCH103-039).

Conflict of interest

All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan

    Chien-Chia Su

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., Taipei, Taiwan

    Chien-Chia Su, Tsing-Hong Wang, Jehn-Yu Huang, Chung-May Yang & I-Jong Wang

  3. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chien-Chia Su

  4. Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Judy Yi-Chu Chen

  5. National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan

    Tsing-Hong Wang, Jehn-Yu Huang, Chung-May Yang & I-Jong Wang

  6. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    I-Jong Wang

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  1. Chien-Chia Su
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Correspondence to Jehn-Yu Huang.

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Su, CC., Chen, J.YC., Wang, TH. et al. Risk factors for depressive symptoms in glaucoma patients: a nationwide case-control study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 253, 1319–1325 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-015-3032-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-015-3032-0

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