Journal of Neurology

, Volume 254, Supplement 2, pp II35–II42 | Cite as

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis

  • Alexander Winkelmann
  • Claudia Engel
  • Annett Apel
  • Uwe K. Zettl
Article

Abstract

Cognitive dysfunctions are frequent symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and occur in up to 65% of patients. Especially memory, attention, executive and visual constructive functions are impaired. These problems strongly affect patients' ability to work, social relationships, and quality of life. Symptoms of physical disabilities can arise independently. Cognitive dysfunctions are clear indicators of MS progression, because they represent highly complex functions that depend on the integrity of the neuronal networks. Once manifested after a relapse, they remain stable . Given a differentiating diagnosis, it is possible to treat these dysfunctions by cognitive training and with pharmaceutical drugs, for example by immunomodulating drugs. However, treatment options are limited at present. This report provides a detailed description of cognitive functions and performance in MS patients, their comorbidities such as fatigue and depression and therapeutic options.

Key words

multiple sclerosis cognitive dysfunctions prevalence treatment-options 
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Copyright information

© Steinkopff-Verlag 2007

Authors and Affiliations

  • Alexander Winkelmann
    • 1
  • Claudia Engel
    • 1
  • Annett Apel
    • 1
  • Uwe K. Zettl
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of NeurologyUniversity of RostockRostockGermany

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