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Volatile loss from melt inclusions in pyroclasts of differing sizes

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Abstract

We have investigated the loss of H2O from olivine-hosted melt inclusions (MIs) by designing an experiment using tephra samples that cooled at different rates owing to their different sizes: ash, lapilli, and bomb samples that were deposited on the same day (10/17/74) of the sub-Plinian eruption of Volcán de Fuego in Guatemala. Ion microprobe, laser ablation-ICPMS, and electron probe analyses show that MIs from ash and lapilli record the highest H2O contents, up to 4.4 wt%. On the other hand, MIs from bombs indicate up to 30 % lower H2O contents (loss of ~1 wt% H2O) and 10 % post-entrapment crystallization of olivine. This evidence is consistent with the longer cooling time available for a bomb-sized clast, up to 10 min for a 3–4-cm radius bomb, assuming conductive cooling and the fastest H diffusivities measured in olivine (D~10−9 to 10−10 m2/s). On the other hand, several lines of evidence point to some water loss prior to eruption, during magma ascent and degassing in the conduit. Thus, results point to both slower post-eruptive cooling and slower magma ascent affecting MIs from bombs, leading to H2O loss over the timescale of minutes to hours. The important implication of this study is that a significant portion of the published data on H2O concentrations in olivine-hosted MIs may reflect unrecognized H2O loss via diffusion. This work highlights the importance of reporting clast and MI sizes in order to assess diffusive effects and the potential benefit of using water loss as a chronometer of magma ascent.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-09-48533 to ASL and TP and grant EAR-09-48478 to EHH. WR acknowledges NSF support for work on Fuego and nearby volcanoes since 1972, the most recent being PIRE 0530109. We appreciate the technical support of Charles Mandeville and Juliane Gross at the AMNH during the electron probe data collection, Louis Bolge during the LA-ICP-MS data collection, and Jianhua Wang at CIW during SIMS data collection. Constructive reviews from Maxim Portnyagin and Oliver Reubi improved the clarity of our arguments and data presentation. Finally, we want to acknowledge the editorial work of Jon Blundy and the Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology staff.

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  1. Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Columbia, NY, USA

    Alexander S. Lloyd, Terry Plank & Philipp Ruprecht

  2. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USA

    Erik H. Hauri

  3. Michigan Tech University, Houghton, MI, USA

    William Rose

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  1. Alexander S. Lloyd
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Lloyd, A.S., Plank, T., Ruprecht, P. et al. Volatile loss from melt inclusions in pyroclasts of differing sizes. Contrib Mineral Petrol 165, 129–153 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-012-0800-2

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