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Oral cancer of Sigmund Freud

  • Afshin TeymoortashEmail author
  • Alfio Ferlito
Letter to the Editor
First Online:
  • 55 Downloads

We read with great interest the theory of Trimarchi et al. [1] about the possible cocain-induced disease of Sigmund Freud. The authors disregard the fact that the oral disease of Sigmund Freud was a repeatedly histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity in a heavy smoker patient.

The protracted course and long survival from his incompletely resected oral cancer correspond to a highly differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma with slow-growing invasive pattern of a verrucous carcinoma we published in this journal before [2].

Notes

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and animal rights

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

Not needed.

References

  1. 1.
    Trimarchi M, Bertazzoni G, Bussi M (2019) The disease of Sigmund Freud: oral cancer or cocaine-induced lesion? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276:263–265CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Teymoortash A, Silver CE, Rinaldo A, Cardesa A, Folz BJ, Ferlito A (2014) Verrucous carcinoma: a retrospective diagnosis in three historic patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014 271:631–633CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Center for Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of MittelhessenMarburgGermany
  2. 2.International Head and Neck Scientific GroupPaduaItaly

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