Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery

, Volume 134, Issue 10, pp 1405–1416 | Cite as

Callus formation is related to the expression ratios of estrogen receptors-alpha and -beta in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic fracture healing

  • Simon K. Chow
  • Kwok-sui Leung
  • Ling Qin
  • Fangyuan Wei
  • Wing-hoi Cheung
Trauma Surgery
First Online:
Received:

Abstract

Introduction

This study characterizes ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporotic fracture healing with focus on estrogen receptors (ERs). Callus formation plays a critical role in fracture healing, and ERs are well-known mechanosensors in osteogenic pathways. It was hypothesized that callus formation was related to and partially determined by the difference in expression patterns of ERs in both normal and OVX-induced osteoporotic fractures.

Methods

Closed femoral fracture in SHAM and ovariectomized rats were used in this study. Weekly callus width (CW) and area (CA), endpoint mechanical properties, gene expressions of Col-1, BMP-2, ER-α, ER-β and ER-α:ER-β ratios (ER-ratios), and correlations were assessed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-fracture.

Results

CW and CA results confirmed that OVX-induced osteoporotic fracture was delayed at 2–4 weeks with impaired endpoint mechanical properties. Gene expressions of ER-α and ER-β were higher in the SHAM group at week 2 (p < 0.05) and later lowered at week 8; whereas the OVX group showed an opposing trend. Moderate correlation existed between ER-α and BMP-2 (0.545, p = 0.003), and ER-ratio and BMP-2 (0.601, p = 0.001), and BMP-2 to CW and CA (r = 0.709, p = 0.000 and r = 0.588, p = 0.001, respectively). ER-α and ER-β proteins expressions were confirmed by immunohistochemistry at the fracture callus in reparative progenitor cells, osteoblasts- and osteoclasts-like cells.

Conclusion

We conclude that the delayed healing rate and impaired callus quality in OVX-induced osteoporotic fracture is related to the delayed expression of ERs. A high ER-α:ER-β ratio favors callus formation.

Keywords

Osteoporosis Fracture healing Estrogen receptors 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This study was partly supported by the University Grant Committee, General Research Fund (462811), the AADO Research Fund (AADO-RF2010-001-2Y) and the CUHK Direct Grant for Research (2009.1.044).

Conflict of interest

The authors report no conflict of interest.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Simon K. Chow
    • 1
  • Kwok-sui Leung
    • 1
    • 2
  • Ling Qin
    • 1
    • 2
  • Fangyuan Wei
    • 1
  • Wing-hoi Cheung
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  1. 1.Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, Hong Kong SARChina
  2. 2.Translational Medicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
  3. 3.Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatin, NTHong Kong

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