Colloid and Polymer Science

, Volume 293, Issue 10, pp 2901–2910 | Cite as

Anion effect on the aggregation behavior of the long-chain spacers dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquids

  • Clarissa P. Frizzo
  • Caroline R. Bender
  • Izabelle M. Gindri
  • Paulo R. S. Salbego
  • Marcos A. Villetti
  • Marcos A. P. Martins
Original Contribution
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

This work reports the study of the anion effect on the aggregation behavior of the long-chain spacers of dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) in a 4.75 % (v/v) ethanol-water solution as well as in ethanol (95 %). The anions studied were Br−, NO3 −, BF4 −, SCN− and NTf2 −. Aggregation behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), conductivity, surface tension, and fluorescence. In the ethanol-water solution, the critical aggregation concentration (CAC), free energy aggregation (∆G°a), and the ionization degree (α) all significantly decreased with the increase in anion hydrophobicity. In ethanol, the CAC and ∆G°a values also decreased with the increase in anion size and hydrophobicity. The free energy adsorption (∆G°ads) data showed that the dicationic ILs have good surfactant activity, and this property improved with the decrease in the hydration radius of the anions. The anion volumes calculated also showed a good correlation with the CAC values for aggregation in ethanol-water solution and ethanol.

Graphical Abstract

Favored aggregation of imidazolium based dicationic ILs by the increase in the anion hydrophobicity

Keywords

Dicationic ionic liquids Aggregation CAC Anions Hydrophobicity 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)—Universal/Proc. 474895/2013-0 and Universal/Proc. 475556/2012-7, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) (Edital pró-equipamentos no. 01/2007), and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS)—Edital Pesquisador Gaúcho. The fellowships are from CNPq (M.A.P.M., C.R.B.) and CAPES (I.M.G., P.R.S.S.).

Supplementary material

396_2015_3680_MOESM1_ESM.docx (2.1 mb)
ESM 1 (DOCX 2130 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Clarissa P. Frizzo
    • 1
  • Caroline R. Bender
    • 1
  • Izabelle M. Gindri
    • 2
  • Paulo R. S. Salbego
    • 1
  • Marcos A. Villetti
    • 3
  • Marcos A. P. Martins
    • 1
  1. 1.Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Department of ChemistryFederal University of Santa Maria, UFSMSanta MariaBrazil
  2. 2.Biomaterials for Osseointegration and Novel Engineering (BONE) Lab, Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonUSA
  3. 3.Laboratório de Espectroscopia e Polímeros (LEPOL), Department of PhysicsFederal University of Santa Maria, UFSMSanta MariaBrazil

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