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A systematic review of the effect of yogurt consumption on chronic diseases risk markers in adults

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Abstract

Purpose

We reviewed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have assessed the effects of yogurt containing Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (LBST) on metabolic risk markers of chronic diseases in adults.

Methods

We performed a systematic search in July 2016 in the scientific databases PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library. Included studies were RCTs that assessed the impact of consuming yogurt containing LBST as a treatment, and that evaluated at least one metabolic risk marker for chronic diseases compared with a control diet or a diet supplemented in another food/ingredient in healthy or chronically ill adults.

Results

Seven RCTs involving 278 participants were included in the review. Studies were conducted in the USA, France, Spain, Iran and Canada. Five studies were undertaken in healthy adults, and two were conducted among lactose malabsorbers. All studies investigated changes in blood lipids and glucose homoeostasis, with different doses of yogurt, durations of the supplementation and risks markers assessed. Consumption of LBST yogurt significantly reduced total cholesterol concentrations, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-C and plasma glucose compared to a control yogurt-free diet or diet supplemented in another food/ingredient in two out of the seven studies. The majority of included RCTs presented high to unclear methodological risks of bias, which raises questions about the validity of their findings.

Conclusions

Data from this systematic review indicate that the consumption of LBST yogurt shows either favourable or neutral effects on metabolic risk markers when compared with a control treatment in controlled research settings. RCTs investigating the effect of LBST yogurt consumption on metabolic risk markers of chronic diseases are scarce and presented considerable variation in methodologies making comparison between studies difficult. Further large-scale, well-designed studies assessing the impact of LBST yogurt, in particular in comparison with a control yogurt-free diet, are warranted to effectively evaluate the effect of yogurt consumption per se on risk markers of chronic diseases.

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Financial support

The Danone Institute of Canada funded this study and had no role in the analysis or writing of this article. A.-A. D. is a recipient of a master’s scholarship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) funded Knowledge Translation Student Fellowship and Training Program, and a doctoral scholarship from the Fonds de recherche en santé du Québec. S.D. is a CIHR New Investigator.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Pavillon des services, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Audrée-Anne Dumas, Annie Lapointe, Marilyn Dugrenier, Véronique Provencher, Benoît Lamarche & Sophie Desroches

  2. School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, 2425 Agriculture Street, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Audrée-Anne Dumas, Véronique Provencher, Benoît Lamarche & Sophie Desroches

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  1. Audrée-Anne Dumas
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Correspondence to Sophie Desroches.

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Conflict of interest

S.D. received funding from the Danone Institute. Over the past five years, V.P. has received honoraria and travel expense reimbursement for participating in two symposia organised by Dairy Farmers of Canada. V.P. was also the principal investigator on a grant from the Dairy Research Cluster (Dairy Farmers of Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and the Canadian Dairy Commission). B.L. is Chair of Nutrition at Laval University, which Board of Directors include a representative from Provigo–Loblaws. B.L. has received funding from Agri-food and Agriculture Canada, the Dairy Farmers of Canada (DFC), Dairy Australia to study dairy and health. He serves as the Chair of the independent, peer-review Expert Scientific Advisory Council of DFC. B.L. has also received honoraria from DFC as an invited speaker in various conferences.

Authorship

The authors’ responsibilities were as follows—S.D., A.L., B.L. and V.P. designed the study; A.L., M.D. and A.-A.D. conducted the search and extracted data; A.L. and A.-A.D. performed the analysis of the risk of bias within studies; A.-A.D. wrote the manuscript; and S.D. had primary responsibility for the final content. All of the authors critically reviewed the manuscript and approved its final version.

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Dumas, AA., Lapointe, A., Dugrenier, M. et al. A systematic review of the effect of yogurt consumption on chronic diseases risk markers in adults. Eur J Nutr 56, 1375–1392 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1341-7

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