European Journal of Nutrition

, Volume 50, Issue 6, pp 455–463 | Cite as

Short-term isocaloric manipulation of carbohydrate intake: effect on subsequent ad libitum energy intake

  • Adela Penesova
  • Colleen A. Venti
  • Joy C. Bunt
  • Susan M. Bonfiglio
  • Susanne B. Votruba
  • Jonathan Krakoff
Original Contribution
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Background

Isocaloric manipulation of carbohydrate or fat intake could alter subsequent ad libitum food intake.

Methods

In a controlled inpatient study, we investigated whether isocaloric manipulation of carbohydrate or fat would alter subsequent ad libitum energy intake. Eighteen non-diabetic subjects (age range 19–53 years.; 15 M/3F; % body fat 38.5 ± 9.1 (mean ± SD)) were fed for 3 days an isocaloric high-carbohydrate diet (HC; 60% carbohydrate, 20% fat, 20% protein) and a high-fat diet (HF; 50% fat, 30% carbohydrate, 20% protein) in random order each followed by 3 days of ad libitum food intake.

Results

There were no differences in mean daily energy intake (EI) following each diet (HC vs. HF: 4,811 ± 1,190 vs. 4,823 ± 1,238 kcal/d; P = 0.7) or in the percent of weight maintenance energy needs (%EN-WM; 173 ± 41 vs. 173 ± 46%, P = 0.5). However, the individual difference in EI between the HF versus HC diet (ΔEI) both on day one and over the 3 days of each ad libitum period was negatively associated with % body fat (%BF) and waist circumference (day 1: ΔEI vs. %BF, r = −0.49, P = 0.04; mean day 1–3 kcal ΔEI vs. %BF, r = −0.66, P = 0.003, and ΔEI vs. waist, r = −0.65, P = 0.004).

Conclusions

A short-term isocaloric HC diet did not result in overall lower EI compared with a HF diet in the same individuals. However, we did find that increasing body fat was associated with less decline in EI following the HC versus HF diet indicating that increasing adiposity is associated with altered regulation of EI in response to macronutrient changes.

Keywords

Carbohydrates Adiposity Energy intake High-fat diet Clinical nutrition 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

All research was conducted as part of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases intramural program. We thank John Graves, Carol Massengill and all kitchen, nursing and technical staff, and individuals who volunteered for this study. We thank the NIH Fellows Editorial Board for the assistance and reviewing the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Supplementary material

394_2010_152_MOESM1_ESM.xls (25 kb)
Supplementary material 1 (XLS 25 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag (outside the USA) 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • Adela Penesova
    • 1
  • Colleen A. Venti
    • 1
  • Joy C. Bunt
    • 1
  • Susan M. Bonfiglio
    • 1
  • Susanne B. Votruba
    • 1
  • Jonathan Krakoff
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Health and Human ServicesObesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthPhoenixUSA

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