Stress T1-mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and inducible myocardial ischemia

Rieber J, Huber A, Erhard I, Mueller S, Schweyer M, Koenig A, Schiele TM, Theisen K, Siebert U, Schoenberg SO, Reiser M, Klauss V (2006) Cardiac magnetic resonance perfusion imaging for the functional assessment of coronary artery disease: a comparison with coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve. Eur Heart J 27(12):1465–1471.  https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehl039 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Task Force M, Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S, Andreotti F, Arden C, Budaj A, Bugiardini R, Crea F, Cuisset T, Di Mario C, Ferreira JR, Gersh BJ, Gitt AK, Hulot JS, Marx N, Opie LH, Pfisterer M, Prescott E, Ruschitzka F, Sabate M, Senior R, Taggart DP, van der Wall EE, Vrints CJ, Guidelines ESCCfP, Zamorano JL, Achenbach S, Baumgartner H, Bax JJ, Bueno H, Dean V, Deaton C, Erol C, Fagard R, Ferrari R, Hasdai D, Hoes AW, Kirchhof P, Knuuti J, Kolh P, Lancellotti P, Linhart A, Nihoyannopoulos P, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Sirnes PA, Tamargo JL, Tendera M, Torbicki A, Wijns W, Windecker S, Document R, Knuuti J, Valgimigli M, Bueno H, Claeys MJ, Donner-Banzhoff N, Erol C, Frank H, Funck-Brentano C, Gaemperli O, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Hamilos M, Hasdai D, Husted S, James SK, Kervinen K, Kolh P, Kristensen SD, Lancellotti P, Maggioni AP, Piepoli MF, Pries AR, Romeo F, Ryden L, Simoons ML, Sirnes PA, Steg PG, Timmis A, Wijns W, Windecker S, Yildirir A, Zamorano JL (2013) 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 34(38):2949–3003.  https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/eht296 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lockie T, Ishida M, Perera D, Chiribiri A, De Silva K, Kozerke S, Marber M, Nagel E, Rezavi R, Redwood S, Plein S (2011) High-resolution magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging at 3.0-Tesla to detect hemodynamically significant coronary stenoses as determined by fractional flow reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol 57(1):70–75.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.019 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Manka R, Wissmann L, Gebker R, Jogiya R, Motwani M, Frick M, Reinartz S, Schnackenburg B, Niemann M, Gotschy A, Kuhl C, Nagel E, Fleck E, Marx N, Luescher TF, Plein S, Kozerke S (2015) Multicenter evaluation of dynamic three-dimensional magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging for the detection of coronary artery disease defined by fractional flow reserve. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 8:5.  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.114.003061 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shah R, Heydari B, Coelho-Filho O, Murthy VL, Abbasi S, Feng JH, Pencina M, Neilan TG, Meadows JL, Francis S, Blankstein R, Steigner M, di Carli M, Jerosch-Herold M, Kwong RY (2013) Stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provides effective cardiac risk reclassification in patients with known or suspected stable coronary artery disease. Circulation 128(6):605–614.  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001430 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Vincenti G, Masci PG, Monney P, Rutz T, Hugelshofer S, Gaxherri M, Muller O, Iglesias JF, Eeckhout E, Lorenzoni V, Pellaton C, Sierro C, Schwitter J (2017) Stress perfusion CMR in patients with known and suspected CAD: prognostic value and optimal ischemic threshold for revascularization. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 10(5):526–537.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.02.006 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hendel RC, Friedrich MG, Schulz-Menger J, Zemmrich C, Bengel F, Berman DS, Camici PG, Flamm SD, Le Guludec D, Kim R, Lombardi M, Mahmarian J, Sechtem U, Nagel E (2016) CMR first-pass perfusion for suspected inducible myocardial ischemia. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 9(11):1338–1348.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.09.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greenwood JP, Maredia N, Younger JF, Brown JM, Nixon J, Everett CC, Bijsterveld P, Ridgway JP, Radjenovic A, Dickinson CJ, Ball SG, Plein S (2012) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance and single-photon emission computed tomography for diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CE-MARC): a prospective trial. Lancet 379(9814):453–460.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61335-4 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schwitter J, Wacker CM, van Rossum AC, Lombardi M, Al-Saadi N, Ahlstrom H, Dill T, Larsson HB, Flamm SD, Marquardt M, Johansson L (2008) MR-IMPACT: comparison of perfusion-cardiac magnetic resonance with single-photon emission computed tomography for the detection of coronary artery disease in a multicentre, multivendor, randomized trial. Eur Heart J 29(4):480–489.  https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehm617 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schwitter J, Wacker CM, Wilke N, Al-Saadi N, Sauer E, Huettle K, Schonberg SO, Debl K, Strohm O, Ahlstrom H, Dill T, Hoebel N, Simor T, investigators M-I (2012) Superior diagnostic performance of perfusion-cardiovascular magnetic resonance versus SPECT to detect coronary artery disease: the secondary endpoints of the multicenter multivendor MR-IMPACT II (magnetic resonance imaging for myocardial perfusion assessment in coronary artery disease trial). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 14:61.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-14-61 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gulani V, Calamante F, Shellock FG, Kanal E, Reeder SB, International Society for Magnetic Resonance in M (2017) Gadolinium deposition in the brain: summary of evidence and recommendations. Lancet Neurol 16(7):564–570.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30158-8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Liu A, Wijesurendra RS, Francis JM, Robson MD, Neubauer S, Piechnik SK, Ferreira VM (2016) Adenosine stress and rest T1 mapping can differentiate between ischemic, infarcted, remote, and normal myocardium without the need for gadolinium contrast agents. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 9(1):27–36.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.08.018 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Judd RM, Levy BI (1991) Effects of barium-induced cardiac contraction on large- and small-vessel intramyocardial blood volume. Circ Res 68(1):217–225CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McCommis KS, Zhang H, Goldstein TA, Misselwitz B, Abendschein DR, Gropler RJ, Zheng J (2009) Myocardial blood volume is associated with myocardial oxygen consumption: an experimental study with cardiac magnetic resonance in a canine model. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2(11):1313–1320.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.07.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wacker CM, Bauer WR (2003) Myocardial microcirculation in humans—new approaches using MRI. Herz 28(2):74–81.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-003-2451-6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Piechnik SK, Neubauer S, Ferreira VM (2017) State-of-the-art review: stress T1 mapping-technical considerations, pitfalls and emerging clinical applications. MAGMA.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-017-0649-5 Google Scholar

Kuijpers D, Prakken NH, Vliegenthart R, van Dijkman PR, van der Harst P, Oudkerk M (2016) Caffeine intake inverts the effect of adenosine on myocardial perfusion during stress as measured by T1 mapping. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 32(10):1545–1553.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-016-0949-2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Liu A, Wijesurendra RS, Liu JM, Greiser A, Jerosch-Herold M, Forfar JC, Channon KM, Piechnik SK, Neubauer S, Kharbanda RK, Ferreira VM (2018) Gadolinium-free cardiac MR stress T1-mapping to distinguish epicardial from microvascular coronary disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 71(9):957–968.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.071 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Riffel JH, Schmucker K, Andre F, Ochs M, Hirschberg K, Schaub E, Fritz T, Mueller-Hennessen M, Giannitsis E, Katus HA, Friedrich MG (2018) Cardiovascular magnetic resonance of cardiac morphology and function: impact of different strategies of contour drawing and indexing. Clin Res Cardiol.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-018-1371-7 Google Scholar

Schulz-Menger J, Bluemke DA, Bremerich J, Flamm SD, Fogel MA, Friedrich MG, Kim RJ, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Kramer CM, Pennell DJ, Plein S, Nagel E (2013) Standardized image interpretation and post processing in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) board of trustees task force on standardized post processing. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 15:35.  https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-15-35 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, Grosse-Wortmann L, He T, Kellman P, Mascherbauer J, Nezafat R, Salerno M, Schelbert EB, Taylor AJ, Thompson R, Ugander M, van Heeswijk RB, Friedrich MG (2017) Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: a consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 19(1):75.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12968-017-0389-8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Buckert D, Dewes P, Walcher T, Rottbauer W, Bernhardt P (2013) Intermediate-term prognostic value of reversible perfusion deficit diagnosed by adenosine CMR: a prospective follow-up study in a consecutive patient population. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 6(1):56–63.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2012.08.011 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Buckert D, Kelle S, Buss S, Korosoglou G, Gebker R, Birkemeyer R, Rottbauer W, Katus H, Pieske B, Bernhardt P (2017) Left ventricular ejection fraction and presence of myocardial necrosis assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging correctly risk stratify patients with stable coronary artery disease: a multi-center all-comers trial. Clin Res Cardiol 106(3):219–229.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-016-1042-5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greulich S, Kindermann I, Schumm J, Perne A, Birkmeier S, Grun S, Ong P, Schaufele T, Klingel K, Schneider S, Kandolf R, Bohm M, Sechtem U, Mahrholdt H (2016) Predictors of outcome in patients with parvovirus B19 positive endomyocardial biopsy. Clin Res Cardiol 105(1):37–52.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-015-0884-6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Grun S, Schumm J, Greulich S, Wagner A, Schneider S, Bruder O, Kispert EM, Hill S, Ong P, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Sechtem U, Mahrholdt H (2012) Long-term follow-up of biopsy-proven viral myocarditis: predictors of mortality and incomplete recovery. J Am Coll Cardiol 59(18):1604–1615.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.007 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kali A, Choi EY, Sharif B, Kim YJ, Bi X, Spottiswoode B, Cokic I, Yang HJ, Tighiouart M, Conte AH, Li D, Berman DS, Choi BW, Chang HJ, Dharmakumar R (2015) Native T1 mapping by 3-T CMR imaging for characterization of chronic myocardial infarctions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 8(9):1019–1030.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.04.018 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Liu D, Borlotti A, Viliani D, Jerosch-Herold M, Alkhalil M, De Maria GL, Fahrni G, Dawkins S, Wijesurendra R, Francis J, Ferreira V, Piechnik S, Robson MD, Banning A, Choudhury R, Neubauer S, Channon K, Kharbanda R, Dall’Armellina E (2017) CMR native T1 mapping allows differentiation of reversible versus irreversible myocardial damage in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: an OxAMI study (Oxford acute myocardial infarction). Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 10:8.  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.005986 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tahir E, Sinn M, Bohnen S, Avanesov M, Saring D, Stehning C, Schnackenburg B, Eulenburg C, Wien J, Radunski UK, Blankenberg S, Adam G, Higgins CB, Saeed M, Muellerleile K, Lund GK (2017) Acute versus chronic myocardial infarction: diagnostic accuracy of quantitative native T1 and T2 mapping versus assessment of edema on standard T2-weighted cardiovascular MR images for differentiation. Radiology 285(1):83–91.  https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017162338 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Banypersad SM, Fontana M, Maestrini V, Sado DM, Captur G, Petrie A, Piechnik SK, Whelan CJ, Herrey AS, Gillmore JD, Lachmann HJ, Wechalekar AD, Hawkins PN, Moon JC (2015) T1 mapping and survival in systemic light-chain amyloidosis. Eur Heart J 36(4):244–251.  https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu444 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bietenbeck M, Florian A, Shomanova Z, Klingel K, Yilmaz A (2017) Novel CMR techniques enable detection of even mild autoimmune myocarditis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Res Cardiol 106(7):560–563.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-017-1100-7 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bohnen S, Radunski UK, Lund GK, Ojeda F, Looft Y, Senel M, Radziwolek L, Avanesov M, Tahir E, Stehning C, Schnackenburg B, Adam G, Blankenberg S, Muellerleile K (2017) Tissue characterization by T1 and T2 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to monitor myocardial inflammation in healing myocarditis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 18(7):744–751.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jex007 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Dall’Armellina E, Karamitsos TD, Francis JM, Ntusi N, Holloway C, Choudhury RP, Kardos A, Robson MD, Friedrich MG, Neubauer S (2013) T(1) mapping for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis using CMR: comparison to T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhanced imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 6(10):1048–1058.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.03.008 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Radunski UK, Lund GK, Saring D, Bohnen S, Stehning C, Schnackenburg B, Avanesov M, Tahir E, Adam G, Blankenberg S, Muellerleile K (2017) T1 and T2 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging techniques reveal unapparent myocardial injury in patients with myocarditis. Clin Res Cardiol 106(1):10–17.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-016-1018-5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar