Interventionelle Therapie und 1-Jahres Follow up des akuten ST-Hebungsinfarkts im Netzwerk
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Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Die Therapie des akuten ST-Hebungsinfarkts (STEMI) verlangt eine unverzügliche und effiziente Reperfusion der infarktrelevanten Koronararterie (IRA). Die primäre PCI („percutaneous coronary intervention“) ist der Lysetherapie bezüglich Mortalität, Häufigkeit von Reinfarkten und Schlaganfallrisiko überlegen, jedoch in Deutschland nicht flächendeckend verfügbar. Nach der Gründung eines regionalen Infarktnetzwerks mit standardisierten Therapierichtlinien zwischen einem PCI-Zentrum und 7 Kliniken der Primärversorgung werden aktuell Verlauf und Prognose der im Netzwerk behandelten Patienten mit STEMI vorgestellt.
Patienten und Methode
Wir analysierten 322 Patienten mit Akut-PCI bei STEMI; 160 Patienten nach Transfer aus einem Zentrum der Primärversorgung (Transfergruppe=TG: 63,4 Jahre, 71,8% Männer) werden mit 162 Patienten mit direkter Aufnahme im PCI-Zentrum (Zentrumsgruppe=ZG: 61,7 Jahre, 73,8% Männer) verglichen. Das Zeitintervall zwischen Symptombeginn und Arztkontakt betrug in der TG 205, in der ZG 195 min; 7,8% der ZG- und 7,2% TG-Patienten befanden sich im kardiogenen Schock. Eine komplette Nachbeobachtung über 12 Monate liegt für 95% der Patienten vor.
Ergebnisse
Die Transportzeit der TG zur Akut-PCI betrug durchschnittlich 54 min. Bei 95,1% der Patienten der TG und 94,4% der ZG erfolgte eine Akut-PCI. 96% aller PCI-Patienten erhielten additiv einen GPIIb/IIIa-Antagonisten. Bereits vor PCI zeigten 22,3% der Patienten mit präinterventioneller Gabe des GPIIb/IIIa-Antagonisten einen TIMI-3-Fluss in der IRA auf. Nach PCI erreichten 87,5% der ZG- und 86,3% der TG-Patienten einen TIMI-3 Fluss. Beide Gruppen zeigten im Verlauf keinen Unterschied hinsichtlich Myokardnekrose (TG vs. ZG: CK 2482 vs. 2481 U/l, CKMB 302 vs. 264 U/l), Mortalität (30 Tage: 5,3 vs. 5,2%, 6 Monate: 7,3 vs. 7,1%, 12 Monate 7,9 vs. 7,8%), NYHA-Stadium (1,41 vs. 1,43) und linksventrikulärer Ejektionsfraktion nach 6 Monaten (0,41 vs. 0,43).
Fazit
Der Aufbau eines regionalen Infarktnetzwerks mit Verknüpfung von Krankenhäusern der Primärversorgung mit einem erfahrenen PCI-Zentrum gestattet unter Verzicht auf eine Lysetherapie eine leitliniengerechte und optimierte Therapie von Patienten mit STEMI. Im Netzwerk erfahren die Patienten der Krankenhäuser ohne Herzkatheterlabor einen adäquaten Behandlungsstandard und Prognose wie Patienten mit primärer Aufnahme im PCI-Zentrum.
Schlüsselwörter
ST-Hebungsinfarkt Akut-PCI Infarkt-NetzwerkInterventional therapy of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a regional network
Summary
Background and objectives
Management of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) demands rapid and complete reflow to the infarct related artery (IRA). Primary PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) performed by experienced operators is superior to thrombolytic thrombolytic therapy and reduces mortality, occurrence of non-fatal reinfarction and stroke, but is not available in rural Germany. We established a regional infarction-network using established therapeutic guidelines comprising of 1 interventional center and 7 referring community hospitals without PCI facilities.
Patients and methods
We analyzed 322 patients with STEMI treated by PCI within the network; 160 patients were transferred from a community hospital without PCI facilities (transfer group (TG): 63.4 yrs., 71.8% men) and 162 patients were admitted directly to the interventional center (center group (CG): 61.7 yrs., 73.8% men). The interval from onset of symptoms to first medical contact was 205 minutes in TG, and 195 minutes in CG (n.s.); 7.8% of the CG and 7.2% of the TG patients were in cardiogenic shock; 95% of patients completed 12- months of follow-up.
Results
In the TG, median transportation time to PCI was 54 minutes. PCI of the infarct-related artery (IRA) was performed in 95.1% of TG patients and in 94.1% of CG patients. In addition, 96% of all patients received a GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor. In case of pre-interventional application of GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor 22.3% of patients revealed TIMI-3 flow of the IRA before PCI. After PCI, normalized flow to the IRAwas documented in 87.5% of CG versus 86.3% of TG. There were no differences between groups with respect to infarct size (TG vs. CG: CK 2482 vs. 2481 U/I; CKMB 302 vs. 264 U/I), mortality (30 days: 5.3 vs. 5.2%, 6 months: 7.3 vs. 7.1%, 12 months: 7.9 vs. 7.8%); NYHA (1.41 vs. 1.43) and left ventricular ejection fraction (0.41 vs. 0.43).
Conclusions
The organization of a regional STEMI-network with logistic alliance of community hospitals and one experienced interventional center ensures timely PCI treatment of patients with STEMI according to present guidelines even in rural areas, and relegates thrombolytic treatment to bail-out scenarios only.
Key words
ST-elevation myocardial infarction acute PCI myocardial infarction networkReferences
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