Climate Dynamics

, Volume 40, Issue 3–4, pp 743–759 | Cite as

Interannual variability of the Tropical Indian Ocean mixed layer depth

  • M. G. Keerthi
  • M. Lengaigne
  • J. Vialard
  • C. de Boyer Montégut
  • P. M. Muraleedharan
Article
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Abstract

In the present study, interannual fluctuations of the mixed layer depth (MLD) in the tropical Indian Ocean are investigated from a long-term (1960–2007) eddy permitting numerical simulation and a new observational dataset built from hydrographic in situ data including Argo data (1969–2008). Both datasets show similar interannual variability patterns in relation with known climate modes and reasonable phase agreement in key regions. Due to the scarcity of the observational dataset, we then largely rely on the model to describe the interannual MLD variations in more detail. MLD interannual variability is two to four times smaller than the seasonal cycle. A large fraction of MLD interannual variations is linked to large-scale climate modes, with the exception of coastal and subtropical regions where interannual signature of small-scale structures dominates. The Indian Ocean Dipole is responsible for most variations in the 10°N–10°S band, with positive phases being associated with a shallow MLD in the equatorial and south-eastern Indian Ocean and a deepening in the south-central Indian Ocean. The El Niño signature is rather weak, with moderate MLD shoaling in autumn in the eastern Arabian Sea. Stronger than usual monsoon jets are only associated with a very modest MLD deepening in the southern Arabian Sea in summer. Finally, positive Indian Ocean Subtropical Dipoles are associated with a MLD deepening between 15 and 30°S. Buoyancy fluxes generally appear to dominate MLD interannual variations except for IOD-induced signals in the south-central Indian Ocean in autumn, where wind stirring and Ekman pumping dominate.

Keywords

Mixed layer Interannual variability Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Dipole El Niño/Southern Oscillation Monsoon 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

Keerthi M. G is supported by a Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) from Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS, MOES, Govt. of India). Jérôme Vialard and Matthieu Lengaigne are funded by Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). Matthieu Lengaigne contributed to this paper while visiting the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) in Goa, India. The authors also acknowledge the DRAKKAR project (http://www-meom.hmg.inpg.fr/Web/Projets/DRAKKAR/) for providing the oceanic simulations. This is NIO contribution number 5120.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2012

Authors and Affiliations

  • M. G. Keerthi
    • 1
  • M. Lengaigne
    • 1
    • 2
  • J. Vialard
    • 2
  • C. de Boyer Montégut
    • 3
  • P. M. Muraleedharan
    • 1
  1. 1.Physical Oceanography DivisionNational Institute of Oceanography, CSIRGoaIndia
  2. 2.Laboratoire d’Océanographie Expérimentation et Approches NumériquesCNRS, UPMC, IRDParisFrance
  3. 3.Laboratoire d’Océanographie SpatialeIFREMERBrestFrance

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