Biology and Fertility of Soils

, Volume 48, Issue 2, pp 191–203 | Cite as

Control of cotton Verticillium wilt and fungal diversity of rhizosphere soils by bio-organic fertilizer

  • Jiaojiao Lang
  • Jiang Hu
  • Wei Ran
  • Yangchun Xu
  • Qirong Shen
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

Cotton Verticillium wilt is a destructive soil-borne disease affecting cotton production. In this study, application of bio-organic fertilizer (BIO) at the beginning of nursery growth and/or at the beginning of transplanting was evaluated for its ability to control Verticillium dahliae Kleb. The most efficient control of cotton Verticillium wilt was achieved when the nursery application of BIO was combined with a second application in transplanted soil, resulting in a wilt disease incidence of only 4.4%, compared with 90.0% in the control. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns showed that the consecutive applications of BIO at nursery and transplanting stage resulted in the presence of a unique group of fungi not found in any other treatments. Humicola sp., Metarhizium anisopliae, and Chaetomium sp., which were considered to be beneficial fungi, were found in the BIO treatment, whereas some harmful fungi, such as Alternaria alternate, Coniochaeta velutina, and Chaetothyriales sp. were detected in the control. After the consecutive applications of BIO at nursery and transplanting stage, the V. dahliae population in the rhizosphere soil in the budding period, flowering and boll-forming stage, boll-opening stage, and at harvest time were 8.5 × 102, 3.1 × 102, 4.6 × 102, and 1.7 × 102 colony-forming units per gram of soil (cfu g−1), respectively, which were significantly lower than in the control (6.1 × 103, 3.4 × 103, 5.2 × 103, and 7.0 × 103 cfu g−1, respectively). These results indicate that the suggested application mode of BIO could effectively control cotton Verticillium wilt by significantly changing the fungal community structure and reducing the V. dahliae population in the rhizosphere soil.

Keywords

Fungal diversity Rhizosphere soil Bio-organic fertilizer PCR-DGGE Real-time PCR SYBR green 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The study was financially supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (2011CB100503) and by the Agricultural Ministry of China (201103004).

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jiaojiao Lang
    • 1
  • Jiang Hu
    • 1
  • Wei Ran
    • 1
  • Yangchun Xu
    • 1
  • Qirong Shen
    • 1
  1. 1.Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina

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