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Aufbau und Funktion der Sehbahn

Structure and function of the visual pathway

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Zusammenfassung

Menschen nehmen Informationen aus ihrem Umfeld zum größten Teil über das visuelle System auf. Dabei werden Signale von den Photorezeptoren der Retina über Bipolar- und Ganglienzellen auf spezifische neuronale Subpopulationen im Corpus geniculatum laterale projiziert und von dort aus in zugeordnete Schichten des primären visuellen Kortex weitergeleitet. Die wichtigsten anatomischen und funktionellen Merkmale des visuellen Systems werden beleuchtet. Dazu fand eine selektive Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken PubMed (auch in der Europe PubMed Central), Psychline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library und Web of Science statt, und es wurden zusätzliche Angaben einschlägiger Werke bzw. Websites auf den Gebieten (Neuro‑)Anatomie, (Neuro‑)Physiologie und (Neuro‑)Otologie u. a. mit den Suchbegriffen Sehbahn, „visual system“, „visual pathway“, „receptors“, „spatial cognition“, „visual cognition“ einbezogen.

Abstract

Humans receive information from their environment mainly via the visual system. Signals from the photoreceptors of the retina via bipolar and ganglion cells are projected onto specific neuronal subpopulations in the lateral geniculate body and from there are forwarded to appropriate layers of the primary visual cortex. The most important anatomical and functional features of the visual system are explained. For this purpose, a selective literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed (also in Europe PubMed Central), Psychline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Web of Science as well as additional information in relevant books or websites in the fields of (neuro)anatomy, (neuro)physiology, (neuro)ophthalmology and (neuro)otology, among others with the search terms Sehbahn, visual system, visual pathway, receptors, spatial cognition and visual cognition.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren danken Frau Prof. Dr. med. Annette Limberger, Frau Isabel Schöllhorn und Frau Sandra Wagner für die Unterstützung bei der Erarbeitung eines ersten Konzepts zur Gegenüberstellung der Seh- und Hörbahn sowie Frau Irena Stingl für die Unterstützung bei der Erarbeitung der Grafiken.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fakultät für Optik und Mechatronik, Studiengang Augenoptik, Kompetenzzentrum „Vision Research“, Hochschule Aalen, Anton-Huber-Str. 23, 73430, Aalen, Deutschland

    Judith Ungewiss M.Sc. Augenoptik und Psychophysik & Ulrich Schiefer

  2. Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Tobias Breuninger

  3. Fakultät für Medizin und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Deutschland

    Ivan Milenkovic

  4. Department für Augenheilkunde, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Regina Ebenhoch & Ulrich Schiefer

Authors
  1. Judith Ungewiss M.Sc. Augenoptik und Psychophysik
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  2. Tobias Breuninger
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  3. Ivan Milenkovic
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  4. Regina Ebenhoch
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  5. Ulrich Schiefer
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Judith Ungewiss M.Sc. Augenoptik und Psychophysik.

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Interessenkonflikt

U. Schiefer ist als Consultant für die Fa. Haag-Streit, Köniz/CH, tätig. J. Ungewiss, T. Breuninger, I. Milenkovic und R. Ebenhoch geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Ungewiss, J., Breuninger, T., Milenkovic, I. et al. Aufbau und Funktion der Sehbahn. Ophthalmologe 117, 1062–1067 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-020-01069-7

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