Abstract
Non-thermal plasmas (NTP) are partially ionized gases that represent a promising technology for seed treatment to enhance seed health while promoting germination and vigor in a fast, cost-effective, and eco-friendly way. The seed treatment with NTP generates phenotypic variations in plants that could be related to changes in DNA methylation. This work analyses the effects of two different NTP: nitrogen for 3 min (PMN3) and oxygen for 2 min (PMO2) applied to soybean (Glycine max) seeds. Growth parameters of plants grown from treated and untreated seeds were evaluated at two growth stages: 6 and 20 days after sowing (DAS). MSAP (Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism) markers were assayed to evaluate epigenetic changes induced by NTP treatments. Plants obtained from PMN3 and PMO2-treated seeds were phenotypically similar to each other: exhibited a superior growth at both stages. At 6 DAS root and shoot length and fresh weight surpassed the Control, while at 20 DAS root length and fresh and dry weight were higher than Control. PMN3 and PMO2 induced DNA methylation changes with respect to the Control plants, with higher differentiation at 20 DAS than at 6 DAS. The epigenetic variability and the phenotypic variability correlated only at 20 DAS (R2 = 0.5). The observed phenotypic differences among Control and NTP-treated plants could not be explained by overall changes in the methylation levels, but both demethylation and methylation changes at specific loci appear to be operating in response to NTP treatments.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
K.B., C.Z., L.P., B.F. and C.M. are members of CONICET. A.V., E.C., and M.F. thank CONICET for their doctoral fellowships. M.C.P.P., V.I., P.V. and J.C.C.G. thank CONICET for their postdoctoral fellowships. We are immensely grateful to María Victoria Bertoldi, Nicolás Cara and Ricardo Masuelli (IBAM, CONICET-UNCuyo) who provided scientific support and expertise that greatly assisted this research.
Funding
This work was supported by grants from: Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (PID 5447), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2015 Nº1553 and PICT 2016 N°110), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACYT 20020160100031).
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MCPP and VI carried out the experiments, conducted the statistical analyses, and wrote the manuscript. AV contributed to the epigenetic techniques, the analysis of the results, and the writing of the manuscript. LP, EC, MF, JCCG, and BF conceived the plasma experimental prototype and performed all the treatments. CZ and PV contributed to the analysis of the results. LP, KB, and CM conceived the research and were in charge of its overall direction and planning. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the research, analysis and manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Pérez-Pizá, M.C., Ibañez, V.N., Varela, A. et al. Non-Thermal Plasmas Affect Plant Growth and DNA Methylation Patterns in Glycine max. J Plant Growth Regul 41, 2732–2742 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10470-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-021-10470-8