Abstract
Composite Ti3SiC2/TiC MAX-phase coating was obtained by the detonation spraying onto U9 steel substrate using the mixed powder in the molar ratio of 74Ti/20SiC/6C as raw material. At the as-sprayed state, the synthesized composite had a stable double-phase composition: the main TiC phase and secondary Ti3SiC2 MAX-phase. After thermal annealing at 700, 800 and 900 °C, oxidation occurred in the coatings, as indicated by the appearance of high-temperature-stable anatase TiO2 phase at the diffraction patterns. It was found that annealed at 800 °C coating demonstrated the best structural, compositional, tribo-mechanical and corrosion resistance characteristics. In particular, hardness increased to 1400 ± 75HV0.2, coefficient of friction decreased to 0.35, adhesion strength was 14 N, and corrosion potential was 1.88 × 10−2 A/cm2. The corrosion potential of the annealed composite was 5.5 times less than that of the steel substrate, which indicates its strong corrosion protection. The relatively higher density, the formation of the main TiC phase that inhibits the grain growth and TiO2 thin surface layer that serves as good diffusion barriers were the main reasons for the improvement of the functional parameters.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time due to technical or time limitations. Data will be made available on request of the readers.
References
S.G. Vadchenko, A.E. Sytschev, DYu. Kovalev, A. Shchukin, S. Konovalikhin, Nanotech. in Russia 10, 67 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078015010206
Z.M. Sun, Int. Mater. Rev. 56, 3 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1179/1743280410Y.0000000001
S.B. Li, L.F. Cheng, L.T. Zhang, Compos. Sci. Tech. 63, 6 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00285-3
T. El-Raghy, M.W. Barsoum, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 82, 10 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb02166.x
A.P. Amosov, E.I. Latukhin, D.M. Davydov, Mod. Appl. Sci. 9, 3 (2015). https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n3p17
Y.I. Bilge, A. Erhan, Ceram. Int. 45, 9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.03.144
H.B. Zhang, S.-y Shen, X.-l Liu, Y. Zhong-he Wang, Y.-hH. Jiang, Trans Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 28, 9 (2019)
D.B. Buitkenov, B.K. Rakhadilov, B.T. Tuyakbaev, Zh.B. Sagdoldina, A.B. Kenesbekov, Key Engin. Mat. 821, 301 (2019). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.821.301
N.N. Cherenda, V.V. Uglov, M.G. Poluyanova, V.M. Astashynski, A.M. Kuzmitski, A.D. Pogrebnjak, B. Stritzker, Plasma Proc. Polym. 6, 1 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200930507
A.D. Pogrebnjak, Sh.M. Ruzimov, D.L. Alontseva, P. Zukowski, C. Karwat, C. Kozak, M. Kolasik, Vacuum 81, 10 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2007.01.071
Y. Zhou, W. Gu, Z. Metallkd. 95, 1 (2004). https://doi.org/10.3139/146.017911
M.A. Lagos, C. Pellegrini, I. Agote, N. Azurmendi, J. Barcena, M. Parco, L. Silvestroni, L. Zoli, D. Sciti, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 39, 9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.03.037
M.W. Barsoum, Prog. Solid St. Chem. 28, 1–4 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6786(00)00006-6
M.W. Barsoum, T. El-Raghy, C.J. Rawn, W.D. Porter, H. Wang, E.A. Payzant, C.R. Hubbard, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 60, 4 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3697(98)00313-8
M. Radovic, M. W. Barsoum T. El-Raghy, J. Seidensticker and S. Wiederhorn, Acta mater. 48, 453 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00351-1
T.L. Ngai, L. Lu, J. Chen, J. Zhang, Y. Li, Ceram. Int. 40, 4 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.10.113
J. Cheng, in The Principles of Astronomical Telescope Design. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, ed. by J. Cheng (Springer, New York, 2009), p. 309. https://doi.org/10.1007/b105475_5
W. Krenkel, F. Berndt, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 412, 1–2 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.204
F. Di Caprio, A. Russo, C. Manservigi, R. Scigliano, M. De Stefano Fumo, D. Tescione, A. Riccio, Compos. Struct. 274, 114341 (2021)
X. Yin, S. He, L. Zhang, S. Fan, L.-F. Cheng, G. Tian, T. Li, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527, 3 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.08.069
Z. Li, A. Zhou, L. Li, L. Wang, M. Hu, S. Li, S. Gupta, Diamond Relat. Mater. 43, 29 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2014.01.008
T. Rampai, C.I. Lang, I. Sigalas, Ceram. Int. 39, 5 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.10.279
Y. Xue, J. Qin, X. Zhang, M. Ma, D. He, R. Liu, Funct. Mater. Lett. 7, 4 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793604714500404
Y. Mu, J. Guo, B. Liang, Q. Wang, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 29, 3 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2010.12.011
J. Zhang, L. Wang, W. Jiang, L. Chen, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 487, 1–2 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.12.004
S. Konoplyuk, T. Abe, T. Uchimoto, T. Takagi, Mater. Lett. 59, 18 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.02.077
D.V. Dudina, G.A. Pribytkov, M.G. Krinitcyn, Ceram. Int. 42, 1 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.08.166
M.M. Mikhailov, VYu. Ul’yanitskii, V.A. Vlasov, A.N. Sokolovskiy, A.A. Lovitskii, Surf. Coat. Technol. 319, 70 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.03.069
I.S. Batraev, VYu. Ulianitsky, D.V. Dudina, Mat. Today: Proceed 4, 11 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.09.006
VYu. Ulianitsky, I.S. Batraev, A.A. Shtertser, D.V. Dudina, N.V. Bulina, I. Smurov, Adv. Powder Tech. 29, 8 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2018.04.023
VYu. Ulianitsky, D.V. Dudina, I.S. Batraev, D.K. Rybin, N.V. Bulina, A.V. Ukhina, B.B. Bokhonov, Mater. Lett. 181, 127 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.06.022
M. Skakov, B. Rakhadilov, M. Scheffler, E. Batyrbekov, Mater. Test. 57, 4 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110709
Y. Zhou, H. Zhang, M. Liu, J. Wang, Y. Bao, Mater. Res. Innov. 8, 2 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1080/14328917.2004.11784838
S. Li, J. Xie, L. Zhang, L.-F. Cheng, Mater. Lett. 57, 20 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-577X(02)01429-5
F. Zhang, L. Zhao, G. Yu, J. Chen, Sh. Yan, J. He, F. Yin, Surf. Coat. Technol. 422, 127581 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127581
S.S. Hwang, S.W. Park, T.W. Kim, Key Eng. Mater. 287, 194 (2005). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.287.194
W.B. Tian, Z.M. Sun, H. Hashimoto, Y.L. Du, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 526, 1–2 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.08.029
Z. Oo, I.M. Low, B.H. O’Connor, Phys. B: Condens. Matter 385–386, 1 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2006.05.255
Z. Oo, I.M. Low, K.E. Prince, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90, 8 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01817.x
J. Emmerlich, D. Music, P. Eklund, O. Wilhelmsson, U. Jansson, J.M. Schneider, H. Högberg, L. Hultman, Acta Mater. 55, 4 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.10.010
Y. Du, J.C. Schuster, H.J. Seifert, F. Aldinger, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83, 1 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01170.x
M.S. Amer, M. Barsoum, T. El-Raghy, I. Weiss, J. Appl. Phys. 84, 5817 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.368849
H. Zhang, S. Shen, X. Liu, Z. Wang, Y. Jiang, Y. He, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 28, 9 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(18)64821-6
F. Noli, P. Misaelides, A. Hatzidimitriou, E. Pavlidou, A.D. Pogrebnjak, Appl. Surf. Sci. 252, 23 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.09.075
A.D. Pogrebnjak, Y.N. Tyurin, Phys.-Usp. 48, 5 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1070/PU2005v048n05ABEH002055
M.A. Caravaca, L.E. Kosteski, J.C. Mino, R.B. D’Ambra, B. Uberti, R.A. Casali, J. Euro. Ceram. Soc. 34, 15 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.06.022
Q. Shi, H. Zhu, C. Li, Coatings 10, 498 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10050498
A.J. Perry, H.K. Pulker, Thin Solid Films 124, 3–4 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(85)90283-4
Z. Huang, H. Zhai, M. Guan, X. Liu, M. Ai, Y. Zhou, Wear 262, 9–10 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.11.003
P.H. Mayrhofer, C. Mitterer, L. Hultman, H. Clemens, Prog. Mater. Sci. 51, 8 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.02.002
A.D. Pogrebnjak, O.V. Sobol, V.M. Beresnev, P.V. Turbin, G.V. Kirik, N.A. Makhmudov, M.V. Il'yashenko, A.P. Shypylenko, M.V. Kaverin, M.Yu. Tashmetov, A.V. Pshyk, in Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology IV, ed. by S. Mathur, S. S. Ray, T. Ohji (Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2010), p 127. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470944042.ch14
A.D. Pogrebnjak, V.S. Ladysev, N.A. Pogrebnjak, A.D. Michaliov, V.T. Shablya, A.N. Valyaev, A.A. Valyaev, V.B. Loboda, Vacuum 58, 1 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-207x(00)00221-9
A.D. Pogrebnjak, Yu.A. Kravchenko, S.B. Kislitsyn, Sh.M. Ruzimov, F. Noli, P. Misaelides, A. Hatzidimitriou, Surf. Coat. Technol. 201, 6 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.05.018
A.D. Pogrebnjak, Sh.K. Ruzimov, Phys. Lett. A 120, 5 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(87)90221-0
W.K. Pang, Z. Oo, J.V. Hanna, I.M. Low, in Advances in Science and Technology of Mn+1AXn Phases, ed. by I.M. Low (Woodhead Publishing Limited, United Kingdom, 2012), p 289. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096012.289
H.T. Hsueh, W.J. Shen, M.H. Tsai, J.W. Yeh, Surf. Coat. Technol. 206, 19–20 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.03.096
A.D. Pogrebnjak, In Nanomaterials-Based Coatings Fundamentals and Applications ed. by P.N. Tri, S. Rtimi, C.M. Ouellet Plamondon (Elsevier, 2019) p 237. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815884-5.00009-0
Acknowledgements
The work was carried out in the framework of targeted funding for the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2018–2020 Grant BR05236748. This research was partially funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine under a contract to fulfil the tasks of the long-term plan for the development of the scientific direction “Mathematical Sciences and Natural Sciences” of SSU БФ/25-2021.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rakhadilov, B.K., Maksakova, O.V., Buitkenov, D.B. et al. Structural-phase and tribo-corrosion properties of composite Ti3SiC2/TiC MAX-phase coatings: an experimental approach to strengthening by thermal annealing. Appl. Phys. A 128, 145 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-05277-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-05277-7