Polar Biology

, Volume 40, Issue 11, pp 2143–2159 | Cite as

Phytoplankton community responses to iron and CO2 enrichment in different biogeochemical regions of the Southern Ocean

  • Hisashi Endo
  • Hiroshi Hattori
  • Tsubasa Mishima
  • Gen Hashida
  • Hiroshi Sasaki
  • Jun Nishioka
  • Koji Suzuki
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

The ongoing rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration is causing rapid increases in seawater pCO2 levels. However, little is known about the potential impacts of elevated CO2 availability on the phytoplankton assemblages in the Southern Ocean’s oceanic regions. Therefore, we conducted four incubation experiments using surface seawater collected from the subantarctic zone (SAZ) and the subpolar zone (SPZ) in the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2011–2012. For incubations, FeCl3 solutions were added to reduce iron (Fe) limitation for phytoplankton growth. Ambient and high (~750 µatm) CO2 treatments were then prepared with and without addition of CO2-saturated seawater, respectively. Non-Fe-added (control) treatments were also prepared to assess the effects of Fe enrichment (overall, control, Fe-added, and Fe-and-CO2-added treatments). In the initial samples, the dominant phytoplankton taxa shifted with latitude from haptophytes to diatoms, likely reflecting silicate availability in the water. Under Fe-enriched conditions, increased CO2 level significantly reduced the accumulation of biomarker pigments in haptophytes in the SAZ and AZ, whereas a significant decrease in diatom markers was only detected in the SAZ. The CO2-related changes in phytoplankton community composition were greater in the SAZ, most likely due to the decrease in coccolithophore biomass. Our results suggest that an increase in CO2, if it coincides with Fe enrichment, could differentially affect the phytoplankton community composition in different geographical regions of the Southern Ocean, depending on the locally dominant taxa and environmental conditions.

Keywords

Ocean acidification Iron Southern Ocean Phytoplankton community composition Diatoms Haptophytes 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the captain, officers, and crew of the TR/V Umitaka Maru for their generous support during the cruise. We wish to thank H. Kurihara, T. Iida, S. Motokawa, and the other members of the 53rd Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-53) for technical assistance. We would also like to thank A. Murayama for Fe analysis. We appreciate the editor and three anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. This study was conducted within the framework of the project Responses of Antarctic Marine Ecosystem to Global Environmental Change with Carbonate Systems (RAMEEC), National Institute of Polar Research. Also, the work was partly funded by a JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (#24121004) and for Scientific Research (A) (#JP17H00775).

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Hokkaido University.

Supplementary material

300_2017_2130_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (232 kb)
Supplementary material 1 (PDF 233 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Hisashi Endo
    • 1
    • 2
  • Hiroshi Hattori
    • 3
  • Tsubasa Mishima
    • 3
  • Gen Hashida
    • 4
  • Hiroshi Sasaki
    • 5
  • Jun Nishioka
    • 6
  • Koji Suzuki
    • 1
    • 2
  1. 1.Faculty of Environmental Earth ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
  2. 2.CREST, Japan Science and TechnologySapporoJapan
  3. 3.Department of Marine Biology and SciencesTokai UniversitySapporoJapan
  4. 4.National Institute of Polar ResearchTachikawaJapan
  5. 5.Department of Biological SciencesIshinomaki Senshu UniversityIshinomakiJapan
  6. 6.Pan-Okhotsk Research Center, Institute of Low Temperature ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan

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