Plant Cell Reports

, Volume 33, Issue 7, pp 1147–1159 | Cite as

VvMATE1 and VvMATE2 encode putative proanthocyanidin transporters expressed during berry development in Vitis vinifera L.

  • Ricardo Pérez-Díaz
  • Malgorzata Ryngajllo
  • Jorge Pérez-Díaz
  • Hugo Peña-Cortés
  • José A. Casaretto
  • Enrique González-Villanueva
  • Simón Ruiz-Lara
Original Paper

Abstract

Key message

VvMATE1 and VvMATE2 encode putative PA transporters expressed during seed development in grapevine. The subcellular localization of these MATE proteins suggests different routes for the intracellular transport of PAs.

Abstract

Proanthocyanidins (PAs), also called condensed tannins, protect plants against herbivores and are important quality components of many fruits. PAs biosynthesis is part of the flavonoid pathway that also produces anthocyanins and flavonols. In grape fruits, PAs are present in seeds and skin tissues. PAs are synthesized in the cytoplasm and accumulated into the vacuole and apoplast; however, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the transport of these compounds to such cellular compartments. A gene encoding a Multidrug And Toxic compound Extrusion (MATE) family protein suggested to transport anthocyanins—named VvMATE1—was used to identify a second gene of the MATE family, VvMATE2. Analysis of their deduced amino acid sequences and the phylogenetic relationship with other MATE-like proteins indicated that VvMATE1 and VvMATE2 encode putative PA transporters. Subcellular localization assays in Arabidopsis protoplasts transformed with VvMATEGFP fusion constructs along with organelle-specific markers revealed that VvMATE1 is localized in the tonoplast whereas VvMATE2 is localized in the Golgi complex. Major expression of both genes occurs during the early stages of seed development concomitant with the accumulation of PAs. Both genes are poorly expressed in the skin of berries while VvMATE2 is also expressed in leaves. The presence of putative cis-acting elements in the promoters of VvMATE1 and VvMATE2 may explain the differential transcriptional regulation of these genes in grapevine. Altogether, these results suggest that these MATE proteins could mediate the transport and accumulation of PAs in grapevine through different routes and cellular compartments.

Keywords

Proanthocyanidins MATE-like proteins Cellular transporter Seed development Grapevine 

Abbreviations

PA

Proanthocyanidin

PAs

Proanthocyanidins

ABA

Abscisic acid

MeJA

Methyl jasmonate

GFP

Green fluorescent protein

qRT-PCR

Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

ER

Endoplasmic reticulum

MATE

Multidrug And Toxic Compound Extrusion

Notes

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDEF) grant No. G07I-1003. RPD was recipient of CONICYT doctoral fellowships and for a research stay. JPD was recipient of a Universidad de Talca doctoral fellowship and a DAAD fellowship for a research stay.

Supplementary material

299_2014_1604_MOESM1_ESM.ppt (1.9 mb)
Supplementary Fig. 1. Subcellular localization of fusion proteins and organellar markers. (A-D) VvMATE1-GFP without orgarnellar marker. (E–H) VvMATE2-GFP without organellar marker. (I-L) VvMATE2-GFP and vacuole marker (mCherry). (M-P) vacuolar marker (mCherry). (Q-T) Golgi marker (mCherry). (U-W) pAM1 empty vector (GFP). Bars in all images are 15 μm (PPT 1939 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Ricardo Pérez-Díaz
    • 1
  • Malgorzata Ryngajllo
    • 2
    • 3
  • Jorge Pérez-Díaz
    • 1
  • Hugo Peña-Cortés
    • 3
    • 5
  • José A. Casaretto
    • 1
    • 4
  • Enrique González-Villanueva
    • 1
  • Simón Ruiz-Lara
    • 1
  1. 1.Instituto de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad de TalcaTalcaChile
  2. 2.Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchKölnGermany
  3. 3.Max-Planck Institute for Plant Molecular PhysiologyPotsdam-GolmGermany
  4. 4.Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of GuelphOntarioCanada
  5. 5.Dirección de Investigación, Universidad de ValparaísoValparaísoChile

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