Study on properties of simul wood (Bombax ceiba L.) impregnated with styrene acrylonitrile copolymer, TiO2, and nanoclay
- 293 Downloads
- 3 Citations
Abstract
Dimensional stability, thermal, and water repellency are very important properties of wood. In this research, wood polymer nanocomposite (WPNC) has been prepared by impregnation of styrene acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), γ-trimethoxy silyl propyl methacrylate-modified TiO2 nanoparticles, nanoclay into simul (Bombex ceiba L.) wood. The characterization of the composites was done by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and thermogravimetry. The resultant WPNC exhibited an improvement in water repellency, moisture resistance, dimensional stability, chemical resistance, hardness, and thermal stability. The maximum improvement in all the properties has been observed for the wood sample treated with SAN/TiO2 (0.5 %)/nanoclay (0.5 %).
Keywords
Impregnation TiO2 nanoparticles Nanoclay SAN Wood Mechanical propertiesReferences
- 1.Sun Q, Lu Y, Liu Y (2011) Growth of hydrophobic TiO2 on wood surface using a hydrothermal method. J Mater Sci 46:7706–7712Google Scholar
- 2.Rowell RM (2005) Handbook of wood chemistry & wood composites. CRC Press, Washington, DCGoogle Scholar
- 3.Kumar S (1994) Chemical modification of wood. Wood Fiber Sci 26:270–280Google Scholar
- 4.Bryne LE, Walinder MEP (2010) Ageing of modified wood. Part 1: wetting properties of acetylated, furfurylated, and thermally modified wood. Holzforschung 64(3):295–304CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Thygesen LG, Engelund ET, Hoffmeyer P (2010) Water sorption in wood and modified wood at high values of relative humidity. Part I: results for untreated, acetylated, and furfurylated Norway spruce. Holzforschung 64(3):315–323CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Li Y, Wu Q, Li J, Liu Y, Wang XM, Liu Z (2012) Improvement of dimensional stability of wood via combination treatment: swelling with maleic anhydride and grafting with glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. Holzforschung 66(1):59–66Google Scholar
- 7.Xiao Y, Xie Z, Mai C (2012) The fungal resistance of wood modified with glutaraldehyde. Holzforschung 66(2): 237–243Google Scholar
- 8.Ziaei Tabari H, Nourbakhsh A, Ashori A (2011) Effects of nanoclay and coupling agent on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites. Polym Eng Sci 51(2):272–277CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Sheshmani S, Ashori A, Hamzeh Y (2010) Physical properties of polyethylene/woodfiber/organoclay nanocomposites. Appl Polym Sci 118(6):3255–3259CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Kiani H, Ashori A, Mozaffari SA (2011) Water resistance and thermal stability of hybrid lignocellulosic filler–PVC composites. Polym Bull 66(6):797–802CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Cai X, Riedl B, Zhang SY, Wan H (2008) The impact of nature of nanofillers on the performance of wood polymer nanocomposites. Compos A 39:727–737CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Zhao G, Lu WH (2008) Structure and characterization of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) wood/MMT intercalation nanocomposite (WMNC). Front For China 3(1):121–126CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Devi RR, Maji TK (2012) Chemical modification of simul wood with styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer and organically modified nanoclay. Wood Sci Technol 46:299–315Google Scholar
- 14.Devi RR, Maji TK (2011) Physical properties of simul (red-silk cotton)-wood (Bombax ceiba L.) chemically modified with styrene-acrylonitrile co-polymer and nanoclay. Holzforschung. doi: 10.1515/hf.2011.164
- 15.Nourbakhsh A, Farhani Baghlani F, Ashori A (2011) Nano-SiO2 filled rice husk/polypropylene composites: physico-mechanical properties. Ind Crops Prod 33(1):183–187CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.O’regan B, Gratzel M (1991) A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. Nature 353:737–740CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.Kim T, Lee M, Lee S, Park Y, Jung C, Boo J (2005) Development of surface coating technology of TiO2 powder and improvement of photocatalytic activity by surface modification. Thin Solid Films 475:171–177CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.Miyafuji H, Saka S (1997) Fire-resisting properties in several TiO2 wood–inorganic composites and their topochemistry. Wood Sci Technol 31:449–455Google Scholar
- 19.Chen F, Yang X, Wu Q (2009) Antifungal capability of TiO2 coated film on most wood. Build Environ 44:1088–1093CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.Mahltig B, Swaboda C, Roessler A, Bottcher H (2008) Functionalising wood by nanosol application. J Mater Chem 18:3180–3192CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.Schmalzl KJ, Evans PD (2003) Wood surface protection with some titanium, zirconium and manganese compounds. Polym Degrad Stab 82:409–419CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.Kuljanin J, Marinovic-Cincovic M, Zec S, Comor MI, Nedeljkovic JM (2003) Influence of Fe2O3-filler on the thermal properties of polystyrene. J Mater Sci Lett 22(3):235–237CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.Laachachi A, Cochez M, Ferriol M, Leroy E, Lopez-Cuesta JM (2005) Influence of TiO2 and Fe2O3 fillers on the thermal properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Mater Lett 59:36–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.Clausen CA, Kartal SN, Arango RA, Green F (2011) The role of particle size of particulate nano-zinc oxide wood preservatives on termite mortality and leach resistance. Nanoscale Res Lett 6:427CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.Jinshu S, Jianzhang L, Wenrui Z, Derong Z (2007) Improvement of wood properties by urea–formaldehyde resin and nano-SiO2. Front For China 2(1):104–109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Ashraf SM, Ahmad S, Riaz U (2009) A laboratory manual of polymers. Volume 1. Experiments in material science and material chemistry. I K International Pvt Ltd, New DelhiGoogle Scholar
- 27.Rong Y, Chen HZ, Wu G, Wang M (2005) Preparation and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticle/polystyrene composites via radical polymerization. Mater Chem Phys 91:370–374CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.Deng C, James PF, Wright PV (1998) Poly(tetraethylene glycol malonate)–titanium oxide hybrid materials by sol–gel methods. J Mater Chem 8:153–159CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 29.Park HK, Kim DK, Hee DJ (1997) Effect of solvent on Titania particle formation and morphology in thermal hydrolysis of TiCl4. J Am Ceram Soc 80:743–749CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 30.Siddiquey IA, Ukaji E, Furusawa T, Sato M, Suzuki N (2007) Preparation and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticle/polystyrene composites via radical polymerization. Mater Chem Phys 105:162–168CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 31.Yap MGS, Que YT, Chia LH (1991) FTIR characterization of tropical wood-polymer composites. J Appl Polym Sci 43:2087–2090Google Scholar
- 32.Colomer MT, Velasco MJ (2007) Rutile-type dense ceramics fabricated by pressureless sintering of Ti1−xRuxO2 powders prepared by sol–gel. J Eur Ceram Soc 27:2369–2376CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 33.Fujishima A, Rao TN, Tryk DA (2000) Titanium dioxide photocatalysis. J Photobiol Photochem Rev 1:1–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 34.Thamaphat K, Limsuwan P, Ngotawornchai B (2008) Phase characterization of TiO2 powder by XRD and TEM. Kasetsart J (Nat Sci) 42:357–361Google Scholar
- 35.Deng K, Ren X, Jiao Y, Tian H, Zhang P, Zhong H, Liu Y (2010) Preparation of poly(methyl acrylate)/TiO2 composites by potassium diperiodato cuprate initiated grafting copolymerization. Iran Polym J 19(1):17–25Google Scholar
- 36.Mina F, Seema S, Matin R, Rahaman J, Sarker RB, Gafur A, Bhuiyan AH (2009) Improved performance of isotactic polypropylene/titanium dioxide composites: effect of processing conditions and filler content. Polym Degrad Stab 94(2):183–188CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 37.Devi RR, Maji TK (2007) Effect of glycidyl methacrylate on the physical properties of wood–polymer composites. Polym Compos 28:1–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 38.Panov D, Terziev N (2009) Study on some alkoxysilanes used for hydrophobation and protection of wood against decay. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 63(4):456–461CrossRefGoogle Scholar