Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

, Volume 40, Issue 2, pp 165–177 | Cite as

Patent nasopalatine ducts: an update of the literature and a series of new cases

Review
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Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this review is to present an update and summary of clinical findings of cases with a patent nasopalatine duct (NPD) reported in the literature from 1881 to 2016.

Methods

Previous articles and reviews about patent NPDs were studied and copies of all original publications were obtained for data verification. Furthermore, a literature search was conducted. In addition, the study sample was complemented with four cases recently seen in our institution.

Results

Ten out of 67 published cases were to be excluded for this analysis due to misinterpretation or misreporting in previous articles. Overall, 57 cases with NPD patency could be analyzed. Males outnumbered females in a ratio of 2:1. The mean age (when this information was available) was 34.1 ± 17.6 years (range 6–69 years). NPDs were located bilaterally (60%), unilaterally (20%) or centrally (20%). Complete or partial patency was reported in 73.9 and 26.1%, respectively. 74.1% of patients presented a variety of clinical signs and symptoms. The ability of the patient to produce a squeaky or whistling sound was the most frequent clinical finding (23.8%).

Conclusions

Caution must be exercised when reading review articles about NPD patency since wrong data have been copied in several subsequent publications. Since epidemiological data are missing with regard to patent NPDs, age and gender predilections are not warranted. Bilateral occurrence and full patency were prevailing features in the evaluated case reports of patent NPDs.

Keywords

Patent nasopalatine duct Nasopalatine canal Vomeronasal organ Case report 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Bernadette Rawyler, Medical Illustrator, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland, for the schematic illustrations and Ines Badertscher, Multimedia Specialist, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland, for preparation of case figures. We also thank the librarians Eveline Schuler, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and Sam Yuk Chuen Lee, University Libraries, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China, for the meticulous search and provision of copies of all requested articles. Furthermore, we thank Dr. Ray Tanaka, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, for the translation of a Japanese case report.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors report that they do not have any conflict of interest.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag France SAS 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
  2. 2.Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental HospitalThe University of Hong KongSai Ying PunChina

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