World Journal of Surgery

, Volume 32, Issue 11, pp 2343–2356 | Cite as

The Correlation Between the Method of Sympathetic Ablation for Palmar Hyperhidrosis and the Occurrence of Compensatory Hyperhidrosis: A Review

Article
First Online:

Abstract

Background

Upper dorsal sympathectomy achieves excellent long-term results in the treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Compensatory hyperhidrosis (CHH) remains an unexplained sequel of this treatment, attaining in a small percentage of cases disastrous proportions. It has been claimed that lowering the level of sympathectomy (from T2 to T3 and even T4), substituting resection by other means of ablation, and limiting its extend reduce the occurrence of this sequel. This review was designed to evaluate the validity of these claims.

Methods

A MEDLINE search was performed for the years 1990–2006 and all publications about thoracoscopic upper dorsal sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis were retrieved.

Results

The search identified 42 techniques of sympathetic ablation. However, pertinent data for the present study were reported for only 23 techniques with multiple publications found only for 10. The only statistically valid results from this review point that T2 resection and R2 transection of the chain (over the second rib) ensue in less CHH than does electrocoagulation of T2. Further comparisons were probably prevented due to the enormous disparity in the reported results, indicating lack of standardization in definitions.

Conclusions

The compiled results published so far in the literature do not support the claims that lowering the level of sympathetic ablation, using a method of ablation other than resection, or restricting the extend of sympathetic ablation for primary palmar hyperhidrosis result in less CHH. In the future, standardization of the methods of retrieving and reporting data are necessary to allow such a comparison of data.

Keywords

Thoracic Ganglion Sympathetic Chain Palmar Hyperhidrosis Compensatory Sweating Compensatory Hyperhidrosis 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgment

The authors thank Mrs. T. Mashiach, MS, for her laborious statistical guidance and evaluation of data.

References

  1. 1.
    Sato K, Kang WH, Saga K et al (1989) Biology of sweat glands and their disorders. II. Disorders of sweat gland function. J Am Acad Dermatol 20:713–726Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Sato K (1991) Hyperhidrosis. JAMA 265:651PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Hashmonai M, Kopelman D, Assalia A (2000) The treatment of primary palmar hyperhidrosis: a review. Surg Today 30:211–218PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Connolly M, de Berker D (2003) Management of primary hyperhidrosis. A summary of the different treatment modalities. Am J Clin Dermatol 4:681–697PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Hashmonai M, Schein M (1994) Upper thoracic sympathectomy–open approaches. In: Paterson-Brown S, Garden J (eds) Principles and practice of surgical laparoscopy. WB Saunders, London, pp 587–603Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Lai Y-T, Yang L-H, Chio C-C et al (1997) Complications in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis treated with transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy. Neurosurgery 41:110–115PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Schick CH, Horbach T (2003) Sequelae of endoscopic sympathetic block. Clin Auton Res 13(Suppl 1):I/36–I/39Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Shelley WB, Florence R (1960) Compensatory hyperhidrosis after sympathectomy. N Engl J Med 263:1056–1058Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Shoenfeld Y, Shapiro Y, Machtiger A et al (1976) Sweat studies in hyperhidrosis palmaris and plantaris. Dermatologica 152:257–262PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Kopelman D, Assalia A, Ehrenreich M et al (2000) The effect of upper dorsal thoracoscopic sympathectomy on the total amount of body perspiration. Surg Today 30:1089–1092PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Plas EG, Függer R, Herbst F et al (1995) Complications of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. Surgery 118:493–495PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Gjerris F, Olesen HP (1975) Palmar hyperhidrosis: long-term results following high thoracic sympathectomy. Acta Neurol Scand 51:167–172PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Kopelman D, Hashmonai M, Ehrenreich M et al (1996) Upper dorsal thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis: improved intermediate-term results. J Vasc Surg 24:194–199PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Cloward RB (1969) Hyperhidrosis. J Neurosurg 30:545–551PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Heckmann M (1998) Complications in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis treated with transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy. Neurosurgery 42:1403–1404PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Shih C-J, Lin M-T (1979) Thermoregulatory sweating in palmar hyperhidrosis before and after upper thoracic sympathectomy. J Neurosurg 50:88–94PubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Weale FE (1980) Upper thoracic sympathectomy by transthoracic electrocoagulation. Br J Surg 67:71–72PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Malone PS, Cameron AE, Rennie JA (1986) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy in the treatment of upper limb hyperhidrosis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 68:93–94PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Malone PS, Cameron AEP, Rennie JA (1986) The surgical treatment of upper limb hyperhidrosis. Br J Dermatol 115:81–84PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Austin JJ, Doobay B, Schatz SW (1992) Transaxillary endoscopic laser sympathectomy. Can J Surg 35:414–416PubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Pace RF, Brown PM, Gutelius JR (1992) Thoracoscopic transthoracic dorsal sympathectomy. Can J Surg 35:509–511PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Appleby TC, Edwards WH Jr (1992) Thorascopic dorsal sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis: a new approach. J Vasc Surg 16:121–123PubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Krasna MJ, Flowers J, Morvick R (1993) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 3:391–394PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Millar AJW, Steiner Z, Rode H et al (1994) Trans-axillary transpleural sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis in children: a 3 to 7 year follow-up of 9 cases. Eur J Pediatr Surg 4:3–6PubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Orteu CH, McGregor JM, Almeyda JR et al (1995) Recurrence of hyperhidrosis after endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy: case report and review of the literature. Clin Exp Dermatol 20:230–233PubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Bonjer HJ, Hamming JF, du Bois NAJJ et al (1996) Advantages of limited thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Surg Endosc 10:721–723PubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Rashid HI, Osman HS, McIrvine AJ (1998) Thoracoscopic (upper thoracic) sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis in children. Int J Clin Pract 52:537–538PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Sugiyama S, Ikeya T, Hara H et al (1998) Dorsal sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis by the thin thoracoscope. Kyobu Geka 51:1087–1089PubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Kesler KA, Brooks-Brunn JA, Campbell RL et al (2000) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis palmaris: a periareolar approach. Ann Thorac Surg 70:314–317PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Lau WT, Lee JD, Dang CR et al (2001) Improvement in quality of life after bilateral transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. Hawaii Med J 60:122,129,135Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    Gooi BH, Manjit S, Premnath N (2002) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis: the Penang Hospital experience. Med J Malaysia 57:66–69PubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Moon SW, Yoon JS, Jo KH et al (2005) Thoracoscopic sympathetic clamping in a patient with an azygos fissure. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 15:110–111PubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Guérin JC, Demolombe S, Brudon JR (1990) Thoracic sympathectomy by thoracoscopy. Rev Mal Resp 7:327–330Google Scholar
  34. 34.
    Flora G (1994) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Chirurg 65:677–679PubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Davies AL (1997) The current role of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in the overall practice of thoracic surgery. A review of 207 cases. Int Surg 82:229–231PubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Krasna MJ, Demmy TL, McKenna RJ et al (1998) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy: the US experience. Eur J Surg Suppl 580:19–21Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    Galán Gil G, Tarrazona Hervás V, Morcillo Aixelá A et al (1999) Indications and results of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Reflections on 152 procedures. Arch Bronconeumol 35:477–482PubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Freund HR, Zamir O, Haskel Y et al (1999) Thoracoscopic surgery in a general surgical service. Surg Laparosc Endosc 9:39–41PubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. 39.
    Ghisletta N, Habicht J, Stulz P (1999) Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy: spectrum of indications and our own results (1995–1997). Schweitz Med Wochenschr 129:985–992Google Scholar
  40. 40.
    Johnson JP, Obasi C, Hahn MS et al (1999) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. J Neurosurg (Spine 1) 91:90–97Google Scholar
  41. 41.
    Hoshina K, Amemiya R, Asato Y et al (2000) Ineffective and recurrent cases of thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis and intractable pain. Kyobu Geka 53:136–140PubMedGoogle Scholar
  42. 42.
    Trignano M, Boatto R, Mastino GP et al (2000) Video-thoracoscopic sympathectomy in the treatment of Raynaud’s disease and palmar hyperhidrosis. Minerva Chir 55:17–23PubMedGoogle Scholar
  43. 43.
    Stadler P, Sebesta P (2001) Thoracoscopic thoracic sympathectomy - personal experience. Rozhl Chir 80:107–109PubMedGoogle Scholar
  44. 44.
    Duarte JBV, Kux P (2001) Efficacy of endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy along with severing the Kuntz nerve in the treatment of chronic non-infectious rhinitis. Ann Chir Gynaecol 90:189–192PubMedGoogle Scholar
  45. 45.
    Roviaro GC, Varoli F, Vergani C et al (2002) State of the art in thoracoscopic surgery. A personal experience of 2000 videothoracoscopic procedures and an overview of the literature. Surg Endosc 16:881–892PubMedGoogle Scholar
  46. 46.
    Rivas de Andrés JJ, Freixinet Gilart J, Rodríguez de Castro F et al (2002) Spanish multicenter study of video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery. Arch Bronconeumol 38:60–63PubMedGoogle Scholar
  47. 47.
    Fuzi A, Szilagyi K, Rozsos I et al (2003) Experiences with endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. Orv Hetil 144:621–624PubMedGoogle Scholar
  48. 48.
    Ayed AK, Al-Shawaf E (2004) A survey of 150 video-assisted thoracoscopic procedures in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 13:159–163PubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. 49.
    Molins L, Fibla JJ, Pérez J et al (2006) Outpatient thoracic surgical programme in 300 patients: clinical results and economic impact. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 29:271–275PubMedGoogle Scholar
  50. 50.
    Malone PS, Duignan JP, Hederman WP (1982) Transthoracic electrocoagulation (TEEC): a new and simple approach to upper limb sympathectomy. Ir Med J 75:20–21PubMedGoogle Scholar
  51. 51.
    Kao M-C, Chen Y-L, Lin J-Y et al (1996) Endoscopic sympathectomy treatment for craniofacial hyperhidrosis. Arch Surg 131:1091–1094PubMedGoogle Scholar
  52. 52.
    Drott C, Claes G, Olsson-Rex L et al (1998) Successful treatment of facial blushing by endoscopic transthoracic sympathicotomy. Br J Dermatol 138:639–643PubMedGoogle Scholar
  53. 53.
    Hsu C-P, Shia S-E, Hsia J-Y et al (2001) Experiences in thoracoscopic sympathectomy for axillary hyperhidrosis and osmidrosis. Focusing on the extent of sympathectomy. Arch Surg 136:1115–1117PubMedGoogle Scholar
  54. 54.
    Lin T-S (2001) Endoscopic clipping in video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathetic blockade for axillary hyperhidrosis. An analysis of 26 cases. Surg Endosc 15:126–128PubMedGoogle Scholar
  55. 55.
    Lin TS, Chou MC (2002) Needlescopic thoracic sympathetic block by clipping for craniofacial hyperhidrosis. Surg Endosc 16:1055–1058PubMedGoogle Scholar
  56. 56.
    Kim DH, Paik HC, Lee DY (2004) Comparative analysis of T2 selective division of rami-communicantes (ramicotomy) with T2 sympathetic clipping in the treatment of craniofacial hyperhidrosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 26:396–400PubMedGoogle Scholar
  57. 57.
    Callejas MA, Rubio M, Iglesias M et al (2004) Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy for the treatment of facial blushing: ultrasonic scalpel versus diathermy. Arch Bronconeumol 40:17–19PubMedGoogle Scholar
  58. 58.
    Licht PB, Jørgensen OD, Ladegaard L et al (2005) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for axillary hyperhidrosis: the influence of T4. Ann Thorac Surg 80:455–460PubMedGoogle Scholar
  59. 59.
    Adair A, George ML, Camprodon R et al (2005) Endoscopic sympathectomy in the treatment of facial blushing. Ann Roy Coll Surg Engl 87:358–360Google Scholar
  60. 60.
    Schmidt J, Bechara FG, Altmeyer P et al (2006) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for severe hyperhidrosis: impact on restrictive denervation on compensatory sweating. Ann Thorac Surg 81:1048–1055PubMedGoogle Scholar
  61. 61.
    Murphy MO, Ghosh J, Khwaja N et al (2006) Upper dorsal endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy: a comparison of one- and two-port ablation techniques. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 30:223–227PubMedGoogle Scholar
  62. 62.
    Reisfeld R (2006) Sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis: should we place the clamps at T2–T3 or T3–T4? Clin Auton Res 16:384–389PubMedGoogle Scholar
  63. 63.
    Chou S-H, Kao E-L, Lin C-C et al (2006) The importance of classification in sympathetic surgery and a proposed mechanism for compensatory hyperhidrosis: experience with 464 cases. Surg Endosc 20:1749–1753PubMedGoogle Scholar
  64. 64.
    Chou S-H, Kao E-L, Lin C-C et al (2006) The outcome of ganglion clipping in hyperhidrosis and blushing. Clin Auton Res 16:240–242PubMedGoogle Scholar
  65. 65.
    Galbis-Caravajal JM, Sales-Badia JG, Cuenca-Torres M et al (2006) Thoracic sympathectomy in primary hyperhidrosis: patient satisfaction. Cir Esp 79:299–304PubMedGoogle Scholar
  66. 66.
    Edmondson RA, Banerjee AK, Rennie JA (1992) Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Ann Surg 215:289–293PubMedGoogle Scholar
  67. 67.
    Masters A, Rennie JA (1992) Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy for idiopathic upper limb hyperhidrosis. Clin Auton Res 2:349–352PubMedGoogle Scholar
  68. 68.
    Ahn SS, Machleder HI, Concepcion B et al (1994) Thoracoscopic cervicodorsal sympathectomy: preliminary results. J Vasc Surg 20:511–519PubMedGoogle Scholar
  69. 69.
    Pillay PK, Kumar K, Tang KK (1997) Video-endoscopic and mini-endoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 69:274–277PubMedGoogle Scholar
  70. 70.
    Lewis DR, Irvine CD, Smith FCT et al (1998) Sympathetic skin response and patient satisfaction on long-term follow-up after thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 15:239–243PubMedGoogle Scholar
  71. 71.
    Lin C-C, Mo L-R, Lee L-S et al (1998) Thoracoscopic T2-sympathetic block by clipping—a better and reversible operation for treatment of hyperhidrosis palmaris: experience with 326 cases. Eur J Surg Suppl 580:13–16Google Scholar
  72. 72.
    Reardon PR, Preciado A, Scarborough T et al (1999) Outpatient endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy using 2-mm instruments. Surg Endosc 13:1139–1142PubMedGoogle Scholar
  73. 73.
    Lee DY, Hong YJ, Shin HK (1999) Thoracoscopic sympathetic surgery for hyperhidrosis. Yonsei Med J 40:589–595PubMedGoogle Scholar
  74. 74.
    Lee DY, Yoon YH, Shin HK et al (2000) Needle thoracic sympathectomy for essential hyperhidrosis: intermediate-term follow-up. Ann Thorac Surg 69:251–253PubMedGoogle Scholar
  75. 75.
    Sung SW, Kim YT, Kim JH (2000) Ultra-thin needle thoracoscopic surgery for hyperhidrosis with excellent cosmetic effects. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 17:691–696PubMedGoogle Scholar
  76. 76.
    Swan MC, Paes T (2001) Quality of life evaluation following endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy for upper limb and facial hyperhidrosis. Ann Chir Gynaecol 90:157–159PubMedGoogle Scholar
  77. 77.
    Ueyama T, Matsumoto Y, Abe Y et al (2001) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy in Japan. Ann Chir Gynaecol 90:200–202PubMedGoogle Scholar
  78. 78.
    de Campos JRM, Kauffman P, Werebe E de C et al (2003) Quality of life, before and after thoracic sympathectomy: report on 378 operated patients. Ann Thorac Surg 76:886–891Google Scholar
  79. 79.
    Ueyama T, Ueyama K, Ueyama K et al (2004) Thoracoscopic sympathetic surgery for hand sweating. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 10:4–8PubMedGoogle Scholar
  80. 80.
    Kwong KF, Cooper LB, Bennett LA et al (2005) Clinical experience in 357 consecutive thoracoscopic sympathectomies. Ann Thorac Surg 80:1063–1066PubMedGoogle Scholar
  81. 81.
    Moya J, Ramos R, Vives N et al (2004) Compensatory sweating after upper thoracic sympathectomy: prospective study of 123 cases. Arch Bronconeumol 40:360–363PubMedGoogle Scholar
  82. 82.
    Wilson MJ, Magee TR, Galland RB et al (2005) Results of thoracoscopic sympathectomy for the treatment of axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis with respect to compensatory hyperhidrosis and dry hands. Surg Endosc 19:254–256PubMedGoogle Scholar
  83. 83.
    Dewey TM, Herbert MA, Hill SL et al (2006) One-year follow-up after thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis: outcomes and consequences. Ann Thorac Surg 81:1227–1233PubMedGoogle Scholar
  84. 84.
    Panhofer P, Zacherl J, Jakesz R et al (2006) Improved quality of life after sympathetic block for upper limb hyperhidrosis. Br J Surg 93:582–586PubMedGoogle Scholar
  85. 85.
    Moya J, Ramos R, Morera R et al (2006) Results of high bilateral endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy and sympatholysis in the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis: a study of 1016 procedures. Arch Bronconeumol 42:230–234PubMedGoogle Scholar
  86. 86.
    Moya J, Ramos R, Morera R et al (2006) Thoracic sympathicolysis for primary hyperhidrosis: a review of 918 procedures. Surg Endosc 20:598–602PubMedGoogle Scholar
  87. 87.
    Cinà CS, Robertson SGW, Young EJM et al (2006) Effect of endoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis on quality of life using the illness intrusiveness rating scale. Minerva Chir 61:231–239PubMedGoogle Scholar
  88. 88.
    Nüesch B, Ammann J, Hess P et al (1996) Thoracic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. Swiss Surg 2:112–115Google Scholar
  89. 89.
    Friedel G, Linder A, Toomes H (1993) Selective video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 41:245–248PubMedGoogle Scholar
  90. 90.
    Pillay PK, Thomas J, Mack P (1994) Thoracoscopic ganglionectomy for hyperhidrosis. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 63:198–202PubMedGoogle Scholar
  91. 91.
    Svartholm E, Asking B (1994) Thoracoscopic surgery of palmar hyperhidrosis. Eur J Surg Suppl 572:21Google Scholar
  92. 92.
    Kao MC, Lin JY, Chen YL et al (1996) Minimally invasive surgery: video endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. Ann Acad Med Singapore 25:673–678PubMedGoogle Scholar
  93. 93.
    Yilmaz EN, Dur AHM, Cuesta MA et al (1996) Endoscopic versus transaxillary thoracic sympathectomy for primary axillary and palmar hyperhidrosis and/or facial blushing: 5-year-experience. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 10:168–172PubMedGoogle Scholar
  94. 94.
    Tan V, Nam H (1998) Results of thoracoscopic sympathectomy for 96 cases of palmar hyperhidrosis. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 4:244–246PubMedGoogle Scholar
  95. 95.
    Uchino T, Ishimaru S, Makimura S et al (1999) Current appraisal of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy: results of the national questionnaire surgery. Kyobu Geka 52:204–209PubMedGoogle Scholar
  96. 96.
    Yim APC, Liu HP, Lee TW et al (2000) “Needlescopic” video-assisted thoracic surgery for palmar hyperhidrosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 17:697–701PubMedGoogle Scholar
  97. 97.
    Krasna MJ, Jiao X, Sonett J et al (2000) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10:314–318PubMedGoogle Scholar
  98. 98.
    Reisfeld R, Nguyen R, Pnini A (2002) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis: experience with both cauterization and clamping methods. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percut Tech 12:255–267Google Scholar
  99. 99.
    Gómez Sebastián G, Fibla JJ (2002) Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy: the experience of a Spanish cooperative group. Arch Bronconeumol 38:64–66PubMedGoogle Scholar
  100. 100.
    Gossot D, Galetta D, Pascal A et al (2003) Long-term results of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for upper limb hyperhidrosis. Ann Thorac Surg 75:1075–1079PubMedGoogle Scholar
  101. 101.
    Lesèche G, Castier Y, Thabut G et al (2003) Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy for upper limb hyperhidrosis: limited sympathectomy does not reduce postoperative compensatory sweating. J Vasc Surg 37:124–128PubMedGoogle Scholar
  102. 102.
    Byrne J, Walsh TN, Hederman WP (1993) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Endosc Surg Allied Technol 1:261–265PubMedGoogle Scholar
  103. 103.
    Lévy I, Ariche A, Sebbag G et al (1995) Thoracoscopic upper thoracic sympathectomy: a method of choice for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Ann Chir 49:858–862PubMedGoogle Scholar
  104. 104.
    Lin C-C, Mo L-R (1996) Experience in thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis with concomitant pleural adhesion. Surg Laparosc Endosc 4:258–261Google Scholar
  105. 105.
    Chen H-J, Liang C-L, Lu K (2001) Associated change in plantar temperature and sweating after transthoracic endoscopic T2-3 sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. J Neurosurg (Spine 1) 95:58–63Google Scholar
  106. 106.
    Naruse H, Moriyasu K, Yokokawa H et al (2001) Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy (ETS) with a fine 2-mm thoracoscope in palmar hyperhidrosis. Kyobu Geka 54:555–559PubMedGoogle Scholar
  107. 107.
    Helmy MA, Ahmed HA, Allam MF (2001) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for treatment of hyperhidrosis: surgical experience and results of 30 cases. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 31:835–842PubMedGoogle Scholar
  108. 108.
    Lin C-C, Wu H-H (2001) Endoscopic T4-sympathetic block by clamping (ESB4) in treatment of hyperhidrosis palmaris et axillaris: experiences of 165 cases. Ann Chir Gynaecol 90:167–169PubMedGoogle Scholar
  109. 109.
    Singh B, Moodley J, Ramdial PK et al (2001) Pitfalls in thoracoscopic sympathectomy: mechanisms for failure. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 6:364–367Google Scholar
  110. 110.
    Duarte JBV, Kux P, Castro CHV et al (2003) Fast track endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy. Clin Auton Res 13(Suppl 1):I/63–I/65Google Scholar
  111. 111.
    Castier Y, Besnard M, Lesèche G (2004) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis of the upper limbs. J Chir 141:31–35Google Scholar
  112. 112.
    Kao M-C (1992) Video endoscopic sympathectomy using a fiberoptic CO2 laser to treat palmar hyperhidrosis. Neurosurgery 30:131–135PubMedGoogle Scholar
  113. 113.
    Kao M-C (1992) Laser endoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. Lasers Surg Med 12:308–312PubMedGoogle Scholar
  114. 114.
    Kao M-C, Lee W-Y, Yip K-M et al (1994) Palmar hyperhidrosis in children: treatment with video endoscopic laser sympathectomy. J Pediatr Surg 29:387–391PubMedGoogle Scholar
  115. 115.
    Claes G, Drott C, Göthberg G (1993) Endoscopic electrocautery of the thoracic sympathetic chain: a minimally invasive way to treat palmar hyperhidrosis. Scand J Plast Reconstr Hand Surg 27:29–33Google Scholar
  116. 116.
    Claes G, Drott C, Göthberg G (1993) Thoracoscopy for autonomic disorders. Ann Thorac Surg 56:715–716PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  117. 117.
    Göthberg G, Drott C, Claes G (1994) Thoracoscopic sympathicotomy for hyperhidrosis – surgical technique, complications and side effects. Eur J Surg Suppl 572:51–53Google Scholar
  118. 118.
    Drott C, Göthberg G, Claes G (1995) Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy: an efficient and safe method for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 33:78–81PubMedGoogle Scholar
  119. 119.
    Rex LO, Drott C, Claes G et al (1998) The Borås experience of endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy for palmar, axillary, facial hyperhidrosis and facial blushing. Eur J Surg Suppl 580:23–26Google Scholar
  120. 120.
    Lin T-S (1999) Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis in children and adolescents: analysis of 350 cases. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 9:331–334PubMedGoogle Scholar
  121. 121.
    Lin T-S (1999) Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis in children and adolescents. Pediatr Surg Int 15:475–478PubMedGoogle Scholar
  122. 122.
    Lin T-S, Fang H-Y (1999) Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis–with emphasis on perioperative management (1,360 case analyses). Surg Neurol 52:453–457PubMedGoogle Scholar
  123. 123.
    Lin T-S, Fang H-Y, Wu C-Y (2000) Repeat transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Surg Endosc 14:134–136PubMedGoogle Scholar
  124. 124.
    Lin T-S, Wang N-P, Huang L-C (2001) Pitfalls and complication avoidance associated with transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis (analysis of 2200 cases). Int J Surg Investig 2:377–385PubMedGoogle Scholar
  125. 125.
    Lin T-S, Huang L-C, Wang N-P et al (2001) Video-assisted thoracoscopic T2 sympathetic block by clipping for palmar hyperhidrosis: analysis of 52 cases. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 11:59–62PubMedGoogle Scholar
  126. 126.
    Lin TS (2001) Video-assisted thoracoscopic “resympathicotomy” for palmar hyperhidrosis: analysis of 42 cases. Ann Thorac Surg 72:895–898PubMedGoogle Scholar
  127. 127.
    Gossot D (1995) Selective endoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. Presse Med 24:1739–1742PubMedGoogle Scholar
  128. 128.
    Gossot D, Toledo L, Fritsch S et al (1997) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for upper limb hyperhidrosis: looking for the right operation. Ann Thorac Surg 64:975–978PubMedGoogle Scholar
  129. 129.
    Gossot D, Debrosse D, Grunenwald D (2000) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for isolated axillary hyperhidrosis. Ann Dermatol Venereol 127:1065–1067PubMedGoogle Scholar
  130. 130.
    Herbst F, Plas EG, Függer R et al (1994) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis of the upper limbs. A critical analysis and long-term results of 480 operations. Ann Surg 220:86–90PubMedGoogle Scholar
  131. 131.
    Zacherl J, Imhof M, Plas EG et al (1997) Hyperhidrosis of the upper extremity: long-term outcome of endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy. Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl Kongressbd 114:1287–1289PubMedGoogle Scholar
  132. 132.
    Zacherl J, Huber ER, Imhof M et al (1998) Long-term results of 630 thoracoscopic sympathicotomies for primary hyperhidrosis: the Vienna experience. Eur J Surg Suppl 580:43–46PubMedGoogle Scholar
  133. 133.
    Imhof M, Zacherl J, Plas EG et al (1999) Long-term results of 45 thoracoscopic sympathicotomies for primary hyperhidrosis in children. J Pediatr Surg 34:1839–1842PubMedGoogle Scholar
  134. 134.
    Zacherl J, Imhof M, Huber ER et al (1999) Video assistance reduces complication rate of thoracoscopic sympathicotomy for hyperhidrosis. Ann Thorac Surg 68:1177–1181PubMedGoogle Scholar
  135. 135.
    Neumayer C, Zacherl J, Holak G et al (2004) Limited endoscopic thoracic sympathetic block for hyperhidrosis of the upper limb. Reduction of compensatory sweating by clipping T4. Surg Endosc 18:152–156PubMedGoogle Scholar
  136. 136.
    Cohen Z, Shinar D, Levi I et al (1995) Thoracoscopic upper thoracic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Surg 30:471–473PubMedGoogle Scholar
  137. 137.
    Cohen Z, Shinhar D, Kurzbart E et al (1997) Laproscopic and thoracoscopic surgery in children and adolescents: a 3-year experience. Pediatr Surg Int 12:356–359PubMedGoogle Scholar
  138. 138.
    Lee DY, Kim DY, Paik HC (2004) Selective transection of T3 Rami communicantes (T3 ramicotomy) in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Ann Thorac Surg 78:1052–1055PubMedGoogle Scholar
  139. 139.
    Han PP, Kenny K, Dickman CA (2002) Thoracoscopic approaches to the thoracic spine: experience with 241 surgical procedures. Neurosurgery 51(Suppl 2):88–95Google Scholar
  140. 140.
    Noppen M, Vincken W, Dhaese J et al (1996) Thoracoscopic sympathicolysis for essential hyperhidrosis: immediate and one year follow-up results in 35 patients and review of the literature. Acta Clin Belg 51:244–253PubMedGoogle Scholar
  141. 141.
    Lin C-C (1990) A new method of thoracoscopic sympathectomy in hyperhidrosis palmaris. Surg Endosc 4:224–226PubMedGoogle Scholar
  142. 142.
    Kim DH, Paik HC, Lee DY (2005) Video assisted thoracoscopic re-sympathetic surgery in the treatment or re-sweating hyperhidrosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 27:741–744PubMedGoogle Scholar
  143. 143.
    Chen S-C, Lin C-Y, Chou M-C et al (2005) Endoscopic thoracic sympathetic block by clipping for recurrent palmar hyperhidrosis. Int Surg 90:284–288PubMedGoogle Scholar
  144. 144.
    Singh B, Haffejee AA, Moodley J et al (1996) Endoscopic transthoracoscopic sympathectomy–the Durban experience. S Afr J Surg 34:11–16PubMedGoogle Scholar
  145. 145.
    Singh B, Shaik AS, Moodley J et al (2002) Limited thoracoscopic ganglionectomy for primary hyperhidrosis. S Afr J Surg 40:50–53PubMedGoogle Scholar
  146. 146.
    Lee KH, Hwang PYK (1996) Video endoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. J Neurosurg 84:484–486PubMedGoogle Scholar
  147. 147.
    Hehir DJ, Brady MP (1993) Long-term results of limited thoracic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. J Pediatr Surg 28:909–911PubMedGoogle Scholar
  148. 148.
    Yano M, Kiriyama M, Fukai I et al (2005) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis: efficacy of T2 and T3 ganglion resection. Surgery 138:40–45PubMedGoogle Scholar
  149. 149.
    Doolabh N, Horswell S, Williams M et al (2004) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis: indications and results. Ann Thorac Surg 77:410–414PubMedGoogle Scholar
  150. 150.
    Fukushima H, Makimura S, Takae H et al (2001) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for palmar, axillary and plantar hyperhidrosis: intermediate-term results. Kyobu Geka 54:379–383PubMedGoogle Scholar
  151. 151.
    Robertson DP, Simpson RK, Rose JE et al (1993) Video-assisted endoscopic thoracic ganglionectomy. J Neurosurg 79:238–240PubMedGoogle Scholar
  152. 152.
    Little AG (2004) Video-assisted thoracic surgery sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis. Arch Surg 139:586–589PubMedGoogle Scholar
  153. 153.
    Loscertales J, Arroyo Tristán A, Congregado Loscertales M et al (2004) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis: immediate results and postoperative quality of life. Arch Bronconeumol 40:67–71PubMedGoogle Scholar
  154. 154.
    Lefaucheur J-P, Fitoussi M, Becquemin J-P (1996) Abolition of sympathetic skin responses following endoscopic sympathectomy. Muscle Nerve 19:581–586PubMedGoogle Scholar
  155. 155.
    Fischel R, Cooper M, Kramer D (2003) Microinvasive resectional sympathectomy using the harmonic scalpel. Clin Auton Res 13(Suppl 1):I/66–I/70Google Scholar
  156. 156.
    Lin C-C (1992) Extended thoracoscopic T2-sympathectomy in treatment of hyperhidrosis: experience with 130 consecutive cases. J Laparoendosc Surg 2:1–6PubMedGoogle Scholar
  157. 157.
    Kopelman D, Hashmonai M, Ehrenreich M et al (1998) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis: is there a learning curve? Surg Laparosc Endosc 8:370–375PubMedGoogle Scholar
  158. 158.
    Elia S, Guggino G, Mineo D et al (2005) Awake one stage bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis: a safe outpatient procedure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 28:312–317PubMedGoogle Scholar
  159. 159.
    Chou S-H, Lee S-H, Kao E-L (1993) Thoracic endoscopic T2–T3 sympathectomy in palmar hyperhidrosis: experience of 112 cases. Surg Today 23:105–107PubMedGoogle Scholar
  160. 160.
    de Haan J, Mackaay AJC, Cuesta MA et al (2001) Posterior approach for the simultaneous, bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy. J Am Coll Surg 192:418–420PubMedGoogle Scholar
  161. 161.
    Matthews BD, Bui HT, Harold KL et al (2003) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmaris hyperhidrosis. South Med J 96:254–258PubMedGoogle Scholar
  162. 162.
    Heuberger J, Furrer M, Habicht J et al (2000) Indications and results of videothorascopic sympathectomy. Dtsch Med Wschr 125:817–821PubMedGoogle Scholar
  163. 163.
    Alric P, Branchereau P, Berthet J-P et al (2002) Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis: results in 102 cases. Ann Vasc Surg 16:708–713PubMedGoogle Scholar
  164. 164.
    Dumont P, Denoyer A, Robin P (2004) Long-term results of thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis. Ann Thorac Surg 78:1801–1807PubMedGoogle Scholar
  165. 165.
    Gossot D, Kabiri H, Caliandro R et al (2001) Early complications of thoracic endoscopic sympathectomy: a prospective study of 940 procedures. Ann Thorac Surg 71:1116–1119PubMedGoogle Scholar
  166. 166.
    Nicolas C, Grosdidier G, Granel F et al (2000) Endoscopic sympathectomy for palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis: results in 107 patients. Ann Dermatol Venereol 127:1057–1063PubMedGoogle Scholar
  167. 167.
    Dumont P, Hamm A, Skrobala D et al (1997) Bilateral thoracoscopy for sympathectomy in the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 11:774–775PubMedGoogle Scholar
  168. 168.
    Chu D, Shi PK, Wu CM (1997) Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for treatment of hyperhidrosis palmaris. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 13:162–168PubMedGoogle Scholar
  169. 169.
    Chiou TS-M, Chen S-C (1999) Intermediate-term results of endoscopic transaxillary T2 sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Br J Surg 86:45–47PubMedGoogle Scholar
  170. 170.
    Chen H-J, Shih D-Y, Fung S-T (1994) Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Arch Surg 129:630–633PubMedGoogle Scholar
  171. 171.
    Reisfeld R, Nguyen R, Pnini A (2000) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for treatment of essential hyperhidrosis syndrome: experience with 650 patients. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10:5–10PubMedGoogle Scholar
  172. 172.
    Yamamoto H, Okada M, Kanehira A et al (1999) Clinical experience with video-assisted thoracic sympathectomy through the restrosternal pulmonary junction. Ann Thorac Surg 68:2361–2363PubMedGoogle Scholar
  173. 173.
    Yoon DH, Ha Y, Park YG et al (2003) Thoracoscopic limited T3 sympathicotomy for primary hyperhidrosis: prevention for compensatory hyperhidrosis. J Neurosurg 99(Spine 1):39–43Google Scholar
  174. 174.
    Grabham JA, Raitt D, Barrie WW (1998) Early experience with day-case transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy. Br J Surg 85:1266PubMedGoogle Scholar
  175. 175.
    Sayers RD, Jenner RE, Barrie WW (1994) Transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis and Raynaud’s phenomenon. Eur J Vasc Surg 8:627–631PubMedGoogle Scholar
  176. 176.
    Adams DCR, Wood SJ, Tulloh BR et al (1992) Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy: experience in the south west of England. Eur J Vasc Surg 6:558–562PubMedGoogle Scholar
  177. 177.
    Cartier B, Cartier P (1999) Thoracoscopic cervicodorsal sympathectomy with diathermy. Ann Vasc Surg 13:582–585PubMedGoogle Scholar
  178. 178.
    Ng I, Yeo T-T (2003) Palmar hyperhidrosis: intraoperative monitoring with laser Doppler blood flow as a guide for success after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. Neurosurgery 52:127–131PubMedGoogle Scholar
  179. 179.
    Johnson JP, Patel NP (2002) Uniportal and biportal endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy. Neurosurgery 51(Suppl 2):S2/79–S2/83Google Scholar
  180. 180.
    Moya Amorós J, Prat Ortells J, Morera Abad R et al (2003) Sympathetic dermatomes corresponding to T2 and T3 ganglia. A prospective study of 100 superior thoracic sympathicolytic procedures. Arch Bronconeumol 39:19–22PubMedGoogle Scholar
  181. 181.
    Chao C, Tsai C-T, Hsiao H-C et al (1993) Transaxillary endoscopic sympathectomy–a report of experience in 150 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis. Surg Laparosc Endosc 3:365–369PubMedGoogle Scholar
  182. 182.
    Chen H-J, Lu K, Liang C-L (2001) Transthoracic endoscopic T2, 3 sympathectomy for facial hyperhidrosis. Auton Neurosci 93:91–94PubMedGoogle Scholar
  183. 183.
    Lin C-L, Yen C-P, Howng S-L (1999) The long-term results of upper dorsal sympathetic ganglionectomy and endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. Surg Today 29:209–213PubMedGoogle Scholar
  184. 184.
    Fredman B, Zohar E, Shahor D et al (2000) Video-assisted transthoracic sympathectomy in the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis: friend or foe? Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 10:226–229PubMedGoogle Scholar
  185. 185.
    Cohen Z, Levi I, Pinsk I et al (1998) Thoracoscopic upper thoracic sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis: the combined paediatric, adolescents and adult experience. Eur J Surg Suppl 580:5–8Google Scholar
  186. 186.
    Andrews BT, Rennie JA (1997) Predicting changes in the distribution of sweating following thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Br J Surg 84:1702–1704PubMedGoogle Scholar
  187. 187.
    Drott C, Claes G (1996) Hyperhidrosis treated by thoracoscopic sympathicotomy. Cardiovasc Surg 4:788–790PubMedGoogle Scholar
  188. 188.
    Kao MC, Chern SH, Cheng LCJ et al (1994) Video thoracoscopic laser sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. Ann Acad Med Singapore 23:38–42PubMedGoogle Scholar
  189. 189.
    Kumagai K, Kawase H, Kawanishi M (2005) Health-related quality of life after thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. Ann Thorac Surg 80:461–466PubMedGoogle Scholar
  190. 190.
    de Campos JRM, Wolosker N, Takeda FR et al (2005) The body mass index and level of resection: predictive factors for compensatory sweating after sympathectomy. Clin Auton Res 15:116–120PubMedGoogle Scholar
  191. 191.
    Wong C-W (1997) Transthoracic video endoscopic electrocautery of sympathetic ganglia for hyperhidrosis palmaris: special reference to localization of the first and second ribs. Surg Neurol 47:224–230PubMedGoogle Scholar
  192. 192.
    Graham ANJ, Owens WA, McGuigan JA (1996) Assessment of outcome after thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis in a special unit. J R Coll Surg Edinb 41:160–163PubMedGoogle Scholar
  193. 193.
    Vanaclocha V, Sáiz-Sapena N, Panta F (2000) Uniportal endoscopic superior thoracic sympathectomy. Neurosurgery 46:924–928PubMedGoogle Scholar
  194. 194.
    Rajesh YS, Pratap CP, Woodyer AB (2002) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis and Raynaud’s phenomenon of the upper limb and excessive facial blushing: a five year experience. Postgrad Med J 78:682–684PubMedGoogle Scholar
  195. 195.
    Guijarro Jorge R, Arnau Obrer A, Fernández Centeno A et al (2002) Our experience in the treatment of hyperhidrosis of the upper limbs by video-assisted thoracoscopy: an analysis of our first 100 procedures. Arch Bronconeumol 38:421–426PubMedGoogle Scholar
  196. 196.
    Sayeed RA, Nyamekye I, Ghauri ASK et al (1998) Quality of life after transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy for upper limb hyperhidrosis. Eur J Surg Suppl 580:39–42Google Scholar
  197. 197.
    Al Dohayan A (1999) Transaxillary thoracoscopic sympathectomy experience in a hot climate: management of the dominant hand. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 9:317–321PubMedGoogle Scholar
  198. 198.
    Byrne J, Walsh TN, Hederman WP (1990) Endoscopic transthoracic electrocautery of the sympathetic chain for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Br J Surg 77:1046–1049PubMedGoogle Scholar
  199. 199.
    Chiou TSM (2005) Chronological changes of postsympathectomy compensatory hyperhidrosis and recurrent sweating in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis. J Neurosurg Spine 2:151–154PubMedGoogle Scholar
  200. 200.
    Hsu C-P, Chen C-Y, Lin C-T et al (1994) Video-assisted thoracoscopic T2 sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis palmaris. J Am Coll Surg 179:59–64PubMedGoogle Scholar
  201. 201.
    Yazbek G, Wolosker N, de Campos JRM et al (2005) Palmar hyperhidrosis–which is the best level of denervation using video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy: T2 or T3 ganglion? J Vasc Surg 42:281–285PubMedGoogle Scholar
  202. 202.
    Fritsch A, Kokoschka R, Mach K (1975) Results of thoracoscopic sympathectomy in hyperhidrosis of the upper extremity. Wien Klin Wochenschr 87:548–550PubMedGoogle Scholar
  203. 203.
    Atkinson JLD, Fealey RD (2003) Sympathotomy instead of sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis: minimizing postoperative compensatory hyperhidrosis. Mayo Clin Proc 78:167–172PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  204. 204.
    Goh PMY, Cheah W-K, de Costa M et al (2000) Needlescopic thoracic sympathectomy: treatment for palmar hyperhidrosis. Ann Thorac Surg 70:240–242PubMedGoogle Scholar
  205. 205.
    Fox AD, Hands L, Collin J (1999) The results of thoracoscopic sympathetic trunk transection for palmar hyperhidrosis and sympathetic ganglionectomy for axillary hyperhidrosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 17:343–346PubMedGoogle Scholar
  206. 206.
    Hsia J-Y, Chen C-Y, Hsu C-P et al (1999) Outpatient thoracoscopic limited sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis palmaris. Ann Thorac Surg 67:258–259PubMedGoogle Scholar
  207. 207.
    Yoon S-H, Rim D-C (2003) The selective T3 sympathicotomy in patients with essential palmar hyperhidrosis. Acta Neurochir 145:467–471Google Scholar
  208. 208.
    Leão LEV, de Oliveira R, Szulc R et al (2003) Role of video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy in the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. Sao Paulo Med J 121:191–197PubMedGoogle Scholar
  209. 209.
    Han PP, Gottfried ON, Kenny KJ et al (2002) Bipolar thoracoscopic sympathectomy: surgical techniques and clinical results for the treatment of hyperhidrosis. Neurosurgery 50:306–312PubMedGoogle Scholar
  210. 210.
    Baumgartner FJ, Toh Y (2003) Severe hyperhidrosis: clinical features and current thoracoscopic surgical management. Ann Thorac Surg 76:1878–1883PubMedGoogle Scholar
  211. 211.
    Licht PB, Pilegaard HK (2004) Severity of compensatory sweating after thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 78:427–431PubMedGoogle Scholar
  212. 212.
    Young O, Neary P, Keaveny TV et al (2003) Evaluation of the impact of transthoracic endoscopic sympathectomy on patients with palmar hyperhidrosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 26:673–676PubMedGoogle Scholar
  213. 213.
    Yamamoto H, Kanehira A, Kawamura M et al (2000) Needlescopic surgery for palmar hyperhidrosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 120:276–279PubMedGoogle Scholar
  214. 214.
    Erak S, Sieunarine K, Goodman M et al (1999) Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis: intermediate term results. Aust N Z J Surg 69:60–64PubMedGoogle Scholar
  215. 215.
    Kim B-Y, Oh B-S, Park Y-K et al (2001) Microinvasive video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathicotomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Am J Surg 181:540–542PubMedGoogle Scholar
  216. 216.
    Neumayer C, Bischof G, Függer R et al (2001) Efficacy and safety of thoracoscopic sympathicotomy for hyperhidrosis of the upper limb. Ann Chir Gynaecol 90:195–199PubMedGoogle Scholar
  217. 217.
    Noppen M, Herregodts P, D’Haese J et al (1996) A simplified T2–T3 thoracoscopic sympathicolysis technique for the treatment of essential hyperhidrosis: short-term results in 100 patients. J Laparoendosc Surg 6:151–159PubMedGoogle Scholar
  218. 218.
    Lin T-S, Kuo S-J, Chou M-C (2002) Uniportal endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis: analysis of 2000 cases. Neurosurgery 51(Suppl 2):S2/84–S2/87Google Scholar
  219. 219.
    van’t Riet M, de Smet AAEA, Kuiken H et al (2001) Prevention of compensatory hyperhidrosis after thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis. Surg Endosc 15:1159–1162Google Scholar
  220. 220.
    Lardinois D, Ris HB (2002) Minimally invasive video-endoscopic sympathectomy by use of a transaxillary single port approach. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 21:67–70PubMedGoogle Scholar
  221. 221.
    Duarte JBV, Kux P (1998) Improvements in video-endoscopic sympathicotomy for the treatment of palmar, axillary, facial, and palmar-plantar hyperhidrosis. Eur J Surg Suppl 580:9–11Google Scholar
  222. 222.
    Lee DY, Paik HC, Kim DH et al (2003) Comparative analysis of T3 selective transection of rami communicantes (ramicotomy) to T3 sympathetic clipping in treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Clin Auton Res 13(Suppl 1):I/45–I/47Google Scholar
  223. 223.
    Cheng Y-J, Wu H-H, Kao E-L (2001) Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathetic ramicotomy for hyperhidrosis: a way to reduce the complications. Ann Chir Gynaecol 90:172–174PubMedGoogle Scholar
  224. 224.
    Kux M (1978) Thoracic endoscopic sympathectomy in palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Arch Surg 113:264–266PubMedGoogle Scholar
  225. 225.
    Lin T-S, Huang L-C, Wang N-P et al (2001) Endoscopic thoracic sympathetic block by clipping for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis in children and adolescents. Pediatr Surg Int 17:535–537PubMedGoogle Scholar
  226. 226.
    Choi BC, Lee YC, Sim SB (2003) Treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis by endoscopic clipping of the upper part of the T4 sympathetic ganglion. Preliminary results. Clin Auton Res 13(Suppl 1):I/48–I/51Google Scholar
  227. 227.
    Neumayer C, Panhofer P, Zacherl J et al (2005) Effect of endoscopic sympathetic block on plantar hyperhidrosis. Arch Surg 140:676–680PubMedGoogle Scholar
  228. 228.
    Shachor D, Jedeikin R, Olsfanger D et al (1994) Endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy in the treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. A review of 290 sympathectomies. Arch Surg 129:241–244PubMedGoogle Scholar
  229. 229.
    Lin T-S, Chou M-C (2004) Treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis using needlescopic T2 sympathetic block by clipping: analysis of 102 cases. Int Surg 89:198–201PubMedGoogle Scholar
  230. 230.
    Schick CH, Fronek K, Held A et al (2003) Differential effects of surgical sympathetic block on sudomotor and vasoconstrictor function. Neurology 60:1770–1776PubMedGoogle Scholar
  231. 231.
    Ramsaroop L, Singh B, Moodley J et al (2004) Anatomical basis for a successful upper limb sympathectomy in the thoracoscopic era. Clin Anat 17:294–299PubMedGoogle Scholar
  232. 232.
    Singh B, Ramsaroop L, Partab P et al (2005) Anatomical variations of the second thoracic ganglion. Surg Radiol Anat 27:119–122PubMedGoogle Scholar
  233. 233.
    Chung I-H, Oh C-S, Koh K-S et al (2002) Anatomic variations of the T2 nerve root (including the nerve of Kuntz) and their implications for sympathectomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 123:498–501PubMedGoogle Scholar
  234. 234.
    Wang Y-C, Sun M-H, Lin C-W et al (2002) Anatomical location of T2-3 sympathetic trunk and Kuntz nerve determined by transthoracic endoscopy. J Neurosurg (Spine 1) 96:68–72Google Scholar
  235. 235.
    Cho HM, Lee DY, Sung SW (2005) Anatomical variations of rami communicantes in the upper thoracic sympathetic trunk. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 27:320–324PubMedGoogle Scholar
  236. 236.
    Ramsaroop L, Partab P, Singh B et al (2001) Thoracic origin of a sympathetic supply to the upper limb: the “nerve of Kuntz” revisited. J Anat 199:675–682PubMedGoogle Scholar
  237. 237.
    Satyapal KS, Singh B, Partab P et al (2003) Thoracoscopy: a new era for surgical anatomy. Clin Anat 16:538–541PubMedGoogle Scholar
  238. 238.
    Hashmonai M, Kopelman D (2006) The level of ganglion clipping for hyperhidrosis. Clin Auton Res 16:407PubMedGoogle Scholar
  239. 239.
    Singh B, Moodley J, Allopi L et al (2006) Horner syndrome after sympathectomy in the thoracoscopic era. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 16:222–225PubMedGoogle Scholar
  240. 240.
    Lange JF (1995) Inferior brachial plexus injury during thoracoscopic sympathectomy. Surg Endosc 9:830PubMedGoogle Scholar
  241. 241.
    Hashmonai M, Assalia A, Kopelman D (2001) Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis. Ablate or resect? Surg Endosc 15:435–441PubMedGoogle Scholar
  242. 242.
    Chang Y-T, Li H-P, Lee J-Y et al (2007) Treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. T4 level compared with T3 and T2. Ann Surg 246:330–336PubMedGoogle Scholar
  243. 243.
    Goetz RH, Marr JAS (1944) The importance of the second thoracic ganglion for the sympathetic supply of the upper extremities–two new approaches for its removal. Clin Proc 3:102–114Google Scholar
  244. 244.
    Lin CC, Telaranta T (2001) Lin-Telaranta classification: the importance of different procedures for different indications in sympathetic surgery. Ann Chir Gynaecol 90:161–166PubMedGoogle Scholar
  245. 245.
    Hsu C-P, Chen C-Y, Hsia J-Y et al (1998) Resympathectomy for palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis. Br J Surg 85:1504–1505PubMedGoogle Scholar
  246. 246.
    Hashmonai M, Kopelman D, Klein O et al (1992) Upper thoracic sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis: long-term follow-up. Br J Surg 79:268–271PubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Société Internationale de Chirurgie 2008

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Surgery BHa’emek HospitalAfulaIsrael
  2. 2.The Faculty of MedicineTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
  3. 3.Zikhron Ya’akovIsrael

Personalised recommendations