Environmental Management

, Volume 47, Issue 1, pp 28–39 | Cite as

Contrasting Landscape Influences on Sediment Supply and Stream Restoration Priorities in Northern Fennoscandia (Sweden and Finland) and Coastal British Columbia

  • Jordan Rosenfeld
  • Daniel Hogan
  • Daniel Palm
  • Hans Lundquist
  • Christer Nilsson
  • Timothy J. Beechie
Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Sediment size and supply exert a dominant control on channel structure. We review the role of sediment supply in channel structure, and how regional differences in sediment supply and landuse affect stream restoration priorities. We show how stream restoration goals are best understood within a common fluvial geomorphology framework defined by sediment supply, storage, and transport. Landuse impacts in geologically young landscapes with high sediment yields (e.g., coastal British Columbia) typically result in loss of instream wood and accelerated sediment inputs from bank erosion, logging roads, hillslopes and gullies. In contrast, northern Sweden and Finland are landscapes with naturally low sediment yields caused by low relief, resistant bedrock, and abundant mainstem lakes that act as sediment traps. Landuse impacts involved extensive channel narrowing, removal of obstructions, and bank armouring with boulders to facilitate timber floating, thereby reducing sediment supply from bank erosion while increasing export through higher channel velocities. These contrasting landuse impacts have pushed stream channels in opposite directions (aggradation versus degradation) within a phase-space defined by sediment transport and supply. Restoration in coastal British Columbia has focused on reducing sediment supply (through bank and hillslope stabilization) and restoring wood inputs. In contrast, restoration in northern Fennoscandia (Sweden and Finland) has focused on channel widening and removal of bank-armouring boulders to increase sediment supply and retention. These contrasting restoration priorities illustrate the consequences of divergent regional landuse impacts on sediment supply, and the utility of planning restoration activities within a mechanistic sediment supply-transport framework.

Keywords

Aggradation Channel structure Coastal British Columbia Degradation Finland Fish habitat Large wood Sediment supply Stream restoration Sweden 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the Swedish Foundation for Internationalisation of Higher Education and Research (STINT) for providing funds for the collaboration that led to this publication. Several anonymous reviewers and in particular Kyle Young provided helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jordan Rosenfeld
    • 1
  • Daniel Hogan
    • 2
  • Daniel Palm
    • 3
  • Hans Lundquist
    • 3
  • Christer Nilsson
    • 4
  • Timothy J. Beechie
    • 5
  1. 1.Fisheries Science SectionBritish Columbia Ministry of EnvironmentVancouverCanada
  2. 2.Research SectionBC Minstry of ForestsVancouverCanada
  3. 3.Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaSweden
  4. 4.Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceLandscape Ecology GroupUmeaSweden
  5. 5.Watershed ProgramNorthwest Fisheries Science CenterSeattleUSA

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