Abstract
Males often use elaborate courtship displays to attract females for mating. Much attention, in this regard, has been focused on trying to understand the causes and consequences of signal variation among males. Far less, by contrast, is known about within-individual variation in signal expression and, in particular, the extent to which males may be able to strategically adjust their signalling output to try to maximise their reproductive returns. Here, we experimentally investigated male courtship effort in a fish, the Australian desert goby, Chlamydogobius eremius. When offered a simultaneous choice between a large and a small female, male gobies spent significantly more time associating with, and courting, the former, probably because larger females are also more fecund. Male signalling patterns were also investigated under a sequential choice scenario, with females presented one at a time. When first offered a female, male courtship was not affected by female size. However, males adjusted their courtship effort towards a second female depending on the size of the female encountered previously. In particular, males that were first offered a large female significantly reduced their courtship effort when presented with a subsequent, smaller, female. Our findings suggest that males may be able to respond adaptively to differences in female quality, and strategically adjust their signalling effort accordingly.
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Acknowledgements
We thank M. Hammer, T. Ristic, H. Clark, W. Sowersby and B. Page for assistance with collecting and transporting fish from the desert to the lab, and S. Hamilton-Brown for logistical support. This study was funded by grants from the Australian Research Council and Nature Foundation South Australia Inc., and complies with all the relevant State and Commonwealth laws of Australia.
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Wong, B.B.M., Svensson, P.A. Strategic male signalling effort in a desert-dwelling fish. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 63, 543–549 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-008-0689-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-008-0689-y