Advertisement

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

, Volume 74, Issue 3, pp 676–682 | Cite as

Degradation of environmental endocrine disruptor di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate by a newly discovered bacterium, Microbacterium sp. strain CQ0110Y

  • Ji-an Chen
  • Xiang Li
  • Jun Li
  • Jia Cao
  • Zhiqun Qiu
  • Qing Zhao
  • Chuan Xu
  • Weiqun ShuEmail author
Applied Microbial and Cell Physiology
First Online:

Abstract

In this study di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP)-degradation strain CQ0110Y was isolated from activated sludge. According to the biophysical/biochemical characteristics and analysis of 16S rDNA, the strain was identified as Microbacterium sp. The results of this study showed the optimal pH value and optimal temperature which influenced the degradation rate in wastewater: pH 6.5–7.5, 25–35°C. Kinetics of degradation reaction had been performed at different initial concentrations and different time. Analyzed with SPSS10.0 software, the DEHP degradation can be described as the same exponential model when the initial DEHP concentration was lower than 1,350 mg/l. The kinetics equation was ln C = −0.4087t + A, with the degradation half life of DEHP in wastewater (1.59 days). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of DEHP degradation by Microbacterium sp. strain.

Keywords

Di-2-Ethylhexyl phthalate Degradation Microbacterium Catechol-dioxygenase 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 50408027), the Youth Foundation of Sichuan Province Education Department of China (grant no. 2004B004), and the Key Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant no. 2003BA869C and no. 2003BA903B03-02). We thank Mr. Xuekui Zhang of Chongqing Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention for helping detect the degradation products of DEHP.

References

  1. ATSDR (2002) Toxicological profile for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp9.html Cited 26 July 2004
  2. Cheng HF, Chen SY, Lin JG (2001) Hazardous organic matters in municipal sewage sludge in Taiwan. Water Sci Technol 10:65–70Google Scholar
  3. Clausen PA, Hansen V, Gunnarsen L, Afshari A, Wolkoff P (2004) Emission of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate from PVC flooring into air and uptake in dust: emission and sorption experiments in FLEC and CLIMPAQ. Environ Sci Technol 9:2531–2537CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Gray LE, Barlow NJ, Furr JR, Brock J, Silva MJ, Barr DB, Ostby JS (2003) Transgenerational effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the male rat. Toxicol Sci 72:283CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Gray LE, Furr J, Lambright C, Ostby J (2004) Chronic exposure to diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) delays puberty and reduces androgen-dependent tissue weights in the male rat. Biol Reprod 113:166 (meeting abstract)Google Scholar
  6. Haysish O (1957) Studies on oxygenases. J Biol Chem 229:905–920Google Scholar
  7. Hu XY, Wen B, Shan XQ (2003) Survey of phthalate pollution in arable soils in China. J Environ Monit 4:649–653CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Huff JE, Kluwe WM (1984) Phthalate esters carcinogenicity in F344/N rates and B6C3 F mice. Prog Clin Biol Res 141:137–154Google Scholar
  9. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) (1992) Environmental Health Criteria 131. Diethylhexyl phthalate. World Health Organization, GenevaGoogle Scholar
  10. Jobling S, Reynolds T, White R, Parker MG, Sumper JP (1995) A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic. Environ Health Perspect 103:582–587Google Scholar
  11. Kampe W, Zurcher C, Jobst H (1988) Harmful organic substances in soils and plants after intensive sewage sludge applications. VDLUFA-Schriftenreihe 23:507–532Google Scholar
  12. Kavlock R, Boekelheide K, Chapin R, Cunningham M, Faustman E, Foster P, Golub M, Henderson R, Hinberg I, Little R, Seed J, Shea K, Tabacova S, Tyl R,Williams P, Zacharewski T (2002) NTP Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction: phthalates expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Reprod Toxicol 16:529–653CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Kim YH, Lee J, Moon SH (2003) Degradation of an endocrine disrupting chemical, DEHP[di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate], by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi cutinase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 63:75–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Koch HM, Drexler H, Angerer J (2004) Internal exposure of nursery-school children and their parents and teachers to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Int J Hyg Environ Health 1:15–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Krieg NR, Holt JG (1984) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. Williams & Wilkins, BaltimoreGoogle Scholar
  16. Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M (2004) MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5:150–163CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Meng PR, Wang XK, Xu GT (1996) Determination and distribution of phthalate alkyl esters in soil in Jinan. Environ Chem 15:427–432CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Microbiology Institute Of CAS (China Academy of Sciences) (1978) Identification manual of systematic bacteriology. Science Publication, BeijingGoogle Scholar
  19. O’Grady DP, Howard PH, Warner AF (1985) Activated sludge biodegradation of 12 commercial phthalate-esters. Appl Environ Microbiol 49:443–445Google Scholar
  20. Pang JM, Duan YL, Chi BL (1995) Residue and toxicity of DEHP in the soil and chinise cabbage. Environ Chem 14:239–242Google Scholar
  21. Psillakis E, Mantzavinos D, Kalogerakis N (2004) Monitoring the sonochemical degradation of phthalate esters in water using solid-phase microextraction. Chemosphere 54:849–857CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Qiu Z, Shu W, Tian H (2003) An analysis of the organic extracts from source water and drinking water in city C and the effects on DNA damage in primary hepatocytes in rats. Acad Med Militaris Tertiae 5:423–426Google Scholar
  23. Quan CS, Liu Q, Tian WJ, Kikuchi J, Fan SD (2005) Biodegradation of an endocrine-disrupting chemical, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, by Bacillus subtilis No. 66. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 66:702–710CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Sala-Trepat JM, Evams WC (1971) The meta cleavage of catechol by azobacter species. Eur J Chem 20:400–413Google Scholar
  25. Sanakis Y, Mamma D, Christakopoulos P, Stamatis H (2003) Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida in organic media—an electron paramagnetic resonance study. Int J Biol Macromol 33:101–106CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Strachan PD, Freer AA, Feson CA (1998) Purification and characterization of catechol,2-dioxygenase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous NCIMB 13259 and cloning and sequencing of its catA gene. Biochemistry 333:741–747Google Scholar
  27. Suzuki T, Yaguchi K, Suzuki S, Suga T (2001) Monitoring of phthalic acid monoesters in river water by solid-phase extraction and GC-MS determination. Environ Sci Technol 18:3757–3763CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Tao S, Deng BS, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C (1993) Identification of organic pollutants in agricultural soils from Tianjin, China. Fresenius Environ Bull 11:677–682Google Scholar
  29. Tian H, Shu W, Qiu Z, Chen Ji-an, Zhao Q (2004) Primary study of estrogenic pollutants in drinking water in a city on the Yangtze Rive. Acad Med Militaris Tertiae 19:1751–1754Google Scholar
  30. Wang JL, Liu P, Qian Y (1995) Microbial degradation of di-n-butyl phthalate. Chemosphere 31:4051–4056CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Wang JL, Liu P, Shi H, Qian Y (1997) Kinetics of phthalic acid ester degradation by acclimated activated sludge. Process Biochem 32:567–571CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Wolf NL, Burns LA, Steen WC (1980) Phthalate ester hydrolysis: linear free energy relationship. Chemosphere 9:939–942Google Scholar
  33. Wu SP, Tao S, Xu FL, Dawson R, Lan T, Li BG, Cao J (2005) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dustfall in Tianjin, China. Sci Total Environ 345:115–126CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Zeng F, FU JM, Sheng GY (1999) Study progress on biodegradation of PAEs organic pollutants. Prog Environ Sci 7(4):1–13Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2006

Authors and Affiliations

  • Ji-an Chen
    • 1
  • Xiang Li
    • 2
  • Jun Li
    • 1
  • Jia Cao
    • 1
  • Zhiqun Qiu
    • 1
  • Qing Zhao
    • 1
  • Chuan Xu
    • 1
  • Weiqun Shu
    • 1
    Email author
  1. 1.Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Military Preventive MedicineThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
  2. 2.Institute of Preventive MedicineLu Zhou Medical CollegeLuzhouChina

Personalised recommendations

Cite article

Buy options