Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Chronic granulomatous disease

  • Review
  • Published:
Pediatric Radiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare congenital immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections as well as granuloma formation. The manifestations of this disease can involve single or multiple organ systems. The lungs are the most commonly affected organ; however, lymphatic, hepatic, skeletal, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, head and neck, and central nervous system involvement have also been described. Most patients present with symptoms in their first few years of life. Due to the nonspecific manner in which patients present, the pediatric radiologist may be among the first to recognize the pattern of infection, inflammation, and granuloma formation leading to a diagnosis of CGD. The purpose of this paper is to review the imaging findings of CGD that can manifest throughout the body.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25
Fig. 26
Fig. 27
Fig. 28
Fig. 29

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Winkelstein JA, Marino MC, Johnston RB Jr et al (2000) Chronic granulomatous disease. Report on a national registry of 368 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 79:155–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Jones LB, McGrogan P, Flood TJ et al (2008) Special article: chronic granulomatous disease in the United Kingdom and Ireland: a comprehensive national patient-based registry. Clin Exp Immunol 152:211–218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Goldblatt D, Thrasher AJ (2000) Chronic granulomatous disease. Clin Exp Immunol 122:1–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Weening RS, Kabel P, Pijman P et al (1983) Continuous therapy with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. J Pediatr 103:127–130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mouy R, Fischer A, Vilmer E et al (1989) Incidence, severity, and prevention of infections in chronic granulomatous disease. J Pediatr 114:555–560

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Mouy R, Veber F, Blanche S et al (1994) Long-term itraconazole prophylaxis against Aspergillus infections in thirty-two patients with chronic granulomatous disease. J Pediatr 125:998–1003

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Margolis DM, Melnick DA, Alling DW et al (1990) Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis in the management of chronic granulomatous disease. J Infect Dis 162:723–726

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Gallin JI, Alling DW, Malech HL et al (2003) Itraconazole to prevent fungal infections in chronic granulomatous disease. N Engl J Med 348:2416–2422

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Seger RA (2008) Modern management of chronic granulomatous disease. Br J Haematol 140:255–266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Godoy MC, Vos PM, Cooperberg PL et al (2008) Chest radiographic and CT manifestations of chronic granulomatous disease in adults. AJR 191:1570–1575

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Khanna G, Kao SC, Kirby P et al (2005) Imaging of chronic granulomatous disease in children. Radiographics 25:1183–1195

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Mahomed AA, Bachoo P, King D et al (2001) Recurrent cervical abscess: life-threatening presentation of chronic granulomatous disease in twin infants. Pediatr Surg Int 17:478–480

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Garcia-Eulate R, Hussain N, Heller T et al (2006) CT and MRI of hepatic abscess in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. AJR 187:482–490

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Lublin M, Bartlett DL, Danforth DN et al (2002) Hepatic abscess in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Ann Surg 235:383–391

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hussain N, Feld JJ, Kleiner DE et al (2007) Hepatic abnormalities in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Hepatology 45:675–683

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Muorah M, Hinds R, Verma A et al (2006) Liver abscesses in children: a single center experience in the developed world. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 42:201–206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Feld JJ, Hussain N, Wright EC et al (2008) Hepatic involvement and portal hypertension predict mortality in chronic granulomatous disease. Gastroenterology 134:1917–1926, Epub 2008 Mar 4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Galluzzo ML, Hernandez C, Davila MT et al (2008) Clinical and histopathological features and a unique spectrum of organisms significantly associated with chronic granulomatous disease osteomyelitis during childhood. Clin Infect Dis 46:745–749

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Huang A, Abbasakoor F, Vaizey CJ (2006) Gastrointestinal manifestations of chronic granulomatous disease. Colorectal Dis 8:637–644

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Iannicelli E, Matrunola M, Almberger M et al (2001) Chronic granulomatous disease with gastric antral narrowing: a study and follow-up by MRI. Eur Radiol 11:1259–1262

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Marks DJ, Miyagi K, Rahman FZ et al (2009) Inflammatory bowel disease in CGD reproduces the clinicopathological features of Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 104:117–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kaltenis P, Mudeniené V, Maknavicius S et al (2008) Renal amyloidosis in a child with chronic granulomatous disease and invasive aspergillosis. Pediatr Nephrol 23:831–834, Epub 2008 Jan 11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kis E, Verebély T, Mészner Z (2002) Inflammatory pseudotumor of the bladder in chronic granulomatous disease. Pediatr Nephrol 17:220–221

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bolanowski A, Mannon RB, Holland SM et al (2006) Successful renal transplantation in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Am J Transplant 6:636–639

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Alsultan A, Williams MS, Lubner S et al (2006) Chronic granulomatous disease presenting with disseminated intracranial aspergillosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 47:107–110

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bhat SV, Paterson DL, Rinaldi MG et al (2007) Scedosporium prolificans brain abscess in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease: successful combination therapy with voriconazole and terbinafine. Scand J Infect Dis 39:87–90

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Agus S, Spektor S, Israel Z (2000) CNS granulomatosis in a child with chronic granulomatous disease. Br J Neurosurg 14:59–61

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ma JS, Chen PY, Lau YJ et al (2003) Brain abscess caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 36:282–284

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Liese J, Kloos S, Jendrossek V et al (2000) Long-term follow-up and outcome of 39 patients with chronic granulomatous disease. J Pediatr 137:687–693

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., ML# 5031, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Alexander J. Towbin

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Ian Chaves

Authors
  1. Alexander J. Towbin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ian Chaves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexander J. Towbin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Towbin, A.J., Chaves, I. Chronic granulomatous disease. Pediatr Radiol 40, 657–668 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-009-1503-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-009-1503-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation