Oxidative Damage and Genetic Toxicity Induced by DBP in Earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

  • Guanying Wang
  • Jun Wang
  • Lusheng Zhu
  • Jinhua Wang
  • Hengzhou Li
  • Yizhang Zhang
  • Wenjun Liu
  • Jianpeng Gao
Article
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Abstract

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most ubiquitous plasticizers used worldwide. However, it has negatives effects on the soil, water, atmosphere, and other environmental media and can cause serious pollution. According to the artificial soil test and previous studies, this study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity of earthworms induced by DBP at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 50 mg kg−1) on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days of exposure. The variations in the antioxidant activities of enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), in the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in the amount of DNA damage were measured to evaluate the toxic impact of DBP in earthworms. Upon exposure to DBP, the SOD, CAT, POD, and GST activities were significantly increased, with the exception of the 0.1 mg kg−1 treatment dose. High concentrations of DBP (10 and 50 mg kg−1) induced superfluous ROS to be produced and caused the MDA content to increase significantly. Therefore, we proposed that DBP led to DNA damage in earthworm coelomocytes in a dose-dependent manner, which means that DBP is a source of oxidative damage and genetic toxicity in earthworms.

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Notes

Funding

This study under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Project of China (Grant number 2016YFD0800304) and Natural Science Foundation of Shandong (Grant number ZR2017MD023).

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals (Eisenia fetida) were followed.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Guanying Wang
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  • Jun Wang
    • 1
  • Lusheng Zhu
    • 1
  • Jinhua Wang
    • 1
  • Hengzhou Li
    • 1
  • Yizhang Zhang
    • 3
  • Wenjun Liu
    • 1
  • Jianpeng Gao
    • 1
  1. 1.College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural EnvironmentShandong Agricultural UniversityTai′anChina
  2. 2.College of Water SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
  3. 3.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina

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