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Measurement of CO2 diffusivity in synthetic and saline aquifer solutions at reservoir conditions: the role of ion interactions

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Abstract

Storage and disposal of CO2 as the main component of greenhouse gases in saline aquifers require careful measurement of diffusivity for predicting rate of transfer and cumulative amount of trapped gas. Little information is available on diffusion of CO2 in highly concentrated saline aquifers at reservoir conditions. In this study, diffusivity of CO2 was measured into different solutions, including saline aquifer taken from oil field, distilled water and synthetic solutions prepared from four most common ions, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Na+. The roles of salvation effect and hydration phenomenon were studied on diffusivity of dissolved CO2. Synthetic solutions were prepared at concentration ranges of 83–200 g/l. Experimental measurements were reported at temperature and pressure ranges of 30–40 °C and 5,880–6,265 kPa, respectively. Results show that both type and concentration of ion affect CO2 diffusivity. Diffusion coefficient was found dependent on effective radius of hydrated ions. Also, CO2 diffusivity increase by increasing strength of bonds between ion and neighbor water molecules. Also, presence of ions in water solution creates hydration competition between solution metal ions and aqua ions from diffusive gas. The Mg2+ cation, which has strongest hydration competition among other ions, has an increasing effect on gas diffusivity into saline aquifer. However, increasing ion concentration in solution decreases diffusivity of CO2 due to growth in fraction of contact ion pairs. Results of this study provide unique measures of CO2 diffusion coefficient in saline aquifer at high pressure and temperature conditions and conceptual information about effect of each common saline formation ion on gas diffusivity.

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Abbreviations

C* :

Equilibrium concentration of CO2 in brine (kmol/m3)

D :

Diffusion coefficient (m2/s)

K h :

Henry’s law constant (kPa.m3/kg)

L :

Height of gas in diffusion cell (m)

m d :

Diffused gas into the saline aquifer (kg)

M :

Molecular mass of gas (kg/kmol)

N :

Normality

P :

Pressure (kPa)

R :

Universal gas constant

S :

Weight fraction of sodium chloride

t :

Time (s)

T :

Temperature (K or °C)

Z :

Compressibility factor

E :

Equilibrium value

I :

Initial value

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Acknowledgments

The assistance of Messrs Mohammad Mahmoodi and Yasin Gholami in running part of experiments are acknowledged. Also, the authors acknowledge the National Elite Foundation and Persian Gulf University for financial support of this study under contract number 1389-19/1302.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, 7516913817, Bushehr, Iran

    Seyed Mostafa Jafari Raad, Reza Azin & Shahriar Osfouri

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  1. Seyed Mostafa Jafari Raad
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  2. Reza Azin
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  3. Shahriar Osfouri
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Correspondence to Reza Azin.

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Jafari Raad, S.M., Azin, R. & Osfouri, S. Measurement of CO2 diffusivity in synthetic and saline aquifer solutions at reservoir conditions: the role of ion interactions. Heat Mass Transfer 51, 1587–1595 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1508-4

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