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A review on the biodiversity, distribution and trophic role of cephalopods in the Arctic and Antarctic marine ecosystems under a changing ocean

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A Correction to this article was published on 03 June 2019

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Abstract

Cephalopods play an important role in polar marine ecosystems. In this review, we compare the biodiversity, distribution and trophic role of cephalopods in the Arctic and in the Antarctic. Thirty-two species have been reported from the Arctic, 62 if the Pacific Subarctic is included, with only two species distributed across both these Arctic areas. In comparison, 54 species are known from the Antarctic. These polar regions share 15 families and 13 genera of cephalopods, with the giant squid Architeuthis dux the only species confirmed to occur in both the Arctic and Antarctic. Polar cephalopods prey on crustaceans, fish, and other cephalopods (including cannibalism), whereas predators include fish, other cephalopods, seabirds, seals and whales. In terms of differences between the cephalopod predators in the polar regions, more Antarctic seabird species feed on cephalopods than Arctic seabirds species, whereas more Arctic mammal species feed on cephalopods than Antarctic mammal species. Cephalopods from these regions are likely to be more influenced by climate change than those from the rest of the World: Arctic fauna is more subjected to increasing temperatures per se, with these changes leading to increased species ranges and probably abundance. Antarctic species are likely to be influenced by changes in (1) mesoscale oceanography (2) the position of oceanic fronts (3) sea ice extent, and (4) ocean acidification. Polar cephalopods may have the capacity to adapt to changes in their environment, but more studies are required on taxonomy, distribution, ocean acidification and ecology.

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  • 03 June 2019

    The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank Chingiz M. Nigmatullin, Alexander A. Arkhipkin, Pavel A. Lubin, Denis V. Zakharov, Olga L. Zimina, Gudmundur Gudmundsson, Lis L. Jørgensen, Fedor V. Lishchenko, Anastasia V. Lishchenko for valuable comments, providing parts of samples and access to some rare literature. Comments from two anonymous referees further improved the manuscript. We are also grateful to Michael Vecchione and Richard E. Young for help with identification of Mastigoteuthidae. JX is supported by the Investigator FCT program (IF/00616/2013) and is part of the SCAR Ant-ERA, SCAR EGBAMM and ICED programs. RR is also supported by the Investigator FCT program. This study benefited from the strategic program of MARE, financed by FCT (MARE-UID/MAR/04292/2013). AG was partly funded by RFBR (research project № 16-34-00055 мoл_a). MB and partly AG were supported by the Greenlandic contribution to this study: part of the project Initiating North Atlantic Benthos Monitoring (INAMon). INAMon were financially supported by the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, North Atlantic Cooperation (nora.fo; J. nr. 510-151), Sustainable Fisheries Greenland, the Ministry for Research in Greenland (IKIIN), and the Environmental Protection Agency (Dancea) of the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark (J. nr. mst-112-00272). The work is also part of the Danish Presidency project in Nordic Council of Ministers, Mapping seabed biodiversity and vulnerability in the Arctic and North Atlantic.

Funding

This review study was funded partically by Investigator FCT program (IF/00616/2013), FCT (MARE- UID/MAR/04292/2013), by RFBR (research project № 16-34-00055 мoл_a), by the project Initiating North Atlantic Benthos Monitoring (INAMon (nora.fo; J. nr. 510-151), and by the Environmental Protection Agency (Dancea) of the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark (J. nr. mst-112-00272).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento das Ciências da Vida, MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal

    José C. Xavier

  2. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK

    José C. Xavier

  3. Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UPR 7372 du CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France

    Yves Cherel

  4. Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Louise Allcock

  5. Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal

    Rui Rosa

  6. Department of Zoology, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia

    Rushan M. Sabirov & Alexey V. Golikov

  7. Greenland Climate Research Center, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland

    Martin E. Blicher

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Xavier, J.C., Cherel, Y., Allcock, L. et al. A review on the biodiversity, distribution and trophic role of cephalopods in the Arctic and Antarctic marine ecosystems under a changing ocean. Mar Biol 165, 93 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3352-9

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