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Feeding ecology of juvenile rockfishes off Oregon and Washington based on stomach content and stable isotope analyses

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Abstract

The feeding habits of pelagic, juvenile rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) collected off Oregon in 2002, and Oregon and Washington in 2006, were examined using stomach content and stable isotope analyses. Sampling occurred along a series of transects across the shelf between Crescent City, California (Lat. 41°54.0′), and Newport, Oregon (Lat. 44°39.0′), in 2002, and off Willapa Bay, Washington (Lat. 46°40.0′), and the Columbia River, Oregon (Lat. 46°10.0′), in 2006. Species composition varied both years with distance from shore, but the predominant species were darkblotched (Sebastes crameri), canary (S. pinniger), yellowtail (2006 only; S. flavidus), and widow (S. entomelas) rockfishes. Stomach content analysis revealed that darkblotched rockfish had highly variable diets, and canary, yellowtail, and widow rockfishes exhibited a high degree of overlap in 2006. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences in diet based on distance from shore where caught, fish size, and species. Stable isotope analysis indicated that all species were feeding at about the same trophic level within each year, with a 1.5 ‰ difference in δ15N between years and regions. The difference in δ15N values may indicate a greater contribution of mesotrophic zooplankton such as euphausiids, hyperiid amphipods, and chaetognaths to fish diets in 2006. Depleted 13C values were indicative of diets based on primary production from a more offshore origin, suggesting that these rockfish had previously inhabited offshore waters. These results add to our understanding of some of the important environmental factors that affect young-of-the-year rockfishes during their pelagic phase.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded through the NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center Internal Grants Program, U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics Northeast Pacific Program, and the Bonneville Power Administration. Comments from Chris Harvey, Aimee Keller, Chris Harrod, and two anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript considerably, as did edits from Karen Bosley. We also wish to thank Chris Harvey and Phil Levin for invaluable assistance obtaining funding, and R. Emmett, J. Fisher, T. Sandell, S. Pool, and P. Bentley for help in sampling. Special thanks to M. Kubo, W. Reichert, and K. Turk for help with the stable isotope analysis.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 SE OSU Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA

    Keith L. Bosley

  2. Fisheries Research Section, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Lower Base, P.O. Box 10007, Saipan, MP, 96950, USA

    Todd W. Miller

  3. Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2030 SE OSU Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA

    Richard D. Brodeur

  4. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, 97365, USA

    Katelyn M. Bosley

  5. Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2030 SE OSU Drive, Newport, OR, 97365, USA

    Ahna Van Gaest

  6. Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA

    Anna Elz

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  1. Keith L. Bosley
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Correspondence to Keith L. Bosley.

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Communicated by C. Harrod.

Appendix

Appendix

Descriptions of juvenile pelagic rockfish diets as percent damp weight, percent total number N (in parentheses), and percent frequency of occurrence (F.O.) for fish collected in June 2002 and July 2006.

Canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger)

Prey taxa

Percent wet weight (%)

F.O. (%)

June 2002

July 2006

July 2006

Chaetognatha

2.9 (0.8)

 

–

Crustacea

   

 Copepoda

9.2 (24.1)

40.3 (87.2)

91.7

  Calanus sp.

–

2.1 (1.0)

8.3

  Pseudocalanus sp. (adult)

0.5 (1.2)

2.3 (1.2)

8.3

 Amphipoda

  Hyperiidea

–

<0.1 (0.5)

8.3

 Euphausiacea

   

  Furcilia

65.2 (73.5)

<0.1 (0.2)

8.3

  Adult

–

10.7 (0.2)

8.3

  Egg

–

<0.1 (9.4)

16.7

  Euphausia pacifica

–

17.7 (0.2)

8.3

Material

15.7

9.6

33.3

Unidentified material

6.5 (0.4)

17.2

75.0

Darkblotched rockfish (Sebastes crameri)

Prey taxa

Percent wet weight (% N)

F.O. (%)

June 2002

July 2006

July 2006

Chaetognatha

<0.1 (0.2)

–

–

Crustacea

 Cirripedia (cyprid larva)

<0.1 (0.2)

–

–

 Copepoda

2.6 (42.5)

0.1 (13.5)

25.0

  Calanus sp.

0.4 (0.5)

–

–

  Pseudocalanus sp.

0.2 (3.6)

0.1 (8.7)

15.0

 Amphipoda

   

  Hyperiidea

0.4 (0.8)

<0.1 (0.8)

5.0

   Vibilia australis

28.8 (17.6)

–

–

   Themisto pacifica

–

0.1 (13.5)

15.0

 Decapoda (larva)

0.1 (0.4)

(0.8)

5.0

 Brachyura

   

  Cancer sp. (meg.)

2.3 (0.2)

–

–

 Euphausiacea

   

  Egg

0.5 (33.9)

<0.1 (1.6)

5.0

  Calyptopis

–

0.3 (0.8)

55.0

  Furcilia

–

2.1 (5.6)

5.0

  Adult

–

18.7 (14.3)

20.0

  Thysanoessa spinifera

–

2.0 (1.6)

10.0

  Euphausia pacifica

–

74.5 (38.1)

85.0

 Mysidacea

–

0.7 (0.8)

5.0

Material

16.9 (0.2)

0.4

25.0

Gelatinous material

46.6 (0.2)

–

–

Unidentified material

1.0

1.0

50.0

Widow rockfish (Sebastes entomelas)

Prey taxa

Percent wet weight (% N)

F.O. (%)

June 2002

July 2006

July 2006

Appendicularia

0.1 (0.1)

0.1 (0.1)

4.1

Chaetognatha

0.1 (<0.1)

–

–

Crustacea (larva)

0.2 (<0.1)

–

–

 Copepoda

52.5 (54.6)

32.6 (50.5)

87.8

  Calanus sp.

1.1 (0.1)

4.2 (2.1)

42.9

  Eucalanus sp.

0.2 (0.1)

–

–

  Epilabidocera sp.

0.2 (<0.1)

–

–

  Epilabidocera longipedata

–

<0.1 (<0.1)

2.0

  Epilabidocera amphitrites

0.4 (0.1)

–

–

  Pseudocalanus sp.

0.1 (0.1)

<0.1 (0.2)

2.0

Material

0.9 (–)

–

–

Amphipoda

 Hyperiidea

–

<0.1 (0.5)

28.6

  Hyperia medusarum

<0.1 (<0.1)

<0.1 (0.1)

4.1

  Themisto pacifica

0.2 (<0.1)

0.4 (0.7)

36.7

  Vibilia australis

–

<0.1 (<0.1)

2.0

 Decapoda

   

  Larva

0.2 (<0.1)

<0.1 (–)

2.0

  Zoea

   

 Euphausiacea

   

  Egg

<0.1 (<0.1)

<0.1 (–)

2.0

  Calytopis

5.7 (40.4)

6.9 (44.9)

51.0

  Furcilia

11.6 (2.4)

2.5 (0.4)

20.4

  Adult

1.6 (<0.1)

14.8 (0.1)

12.2

  Euphausia pacifica

   Furcilia

0.3 (<0.1)

–

–

   Adult

–

23.8 (0.2)

16.3

  Thysanoessa spinifera

   

   Furcilia

1.0 (0.3)

0.9 (<0.1)

2.0

   Adult

–

5.1 (<0.1)

6.1

Material

0.6

–

–

Material

4.2

3.8

51.0

Osteichthyes (larva)

12.4 (0.1)

–

–

Unidentified material

4.4

4.7

91.8

Yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus)

Prey taxa

Percent wet weight (% N)

F.O. (%)

July 2006

July 2006

Copepoda

 Adult

72.4 (73.7)

100.0

  Calanus sp. (adult)

6.8 (1.7)

62.5

  Calanus marshallii

–

2.5

  Calanus pacificus

0.5 (0.2)

5.0

  Psuedocalanus sp.

<0.1 (0.4)

15.0

  Epilabidocera longipedata

–

2.5

 Amphipoda

  Hyperiidea

<0.1 (0.1)

10.0

   Themisto pacifica

<0.1 (0.1)

12.5

 Euphausiacea

  Egg

7.5 (23.8)

75.0

  Calyptopis

<0.1 (–)

2.5

  Euphausia pacifica

3.6 (<0.1)

2.5

Material

3.8

52.5

Unidentified material

5.3

80.0

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Bosley, K.L., Miller, T.W., Brodeur, R.D. et al. Feeding ecology of juvenile rockfishes off Oregon and Washington based on stomach content and stable isotope analyses. Mar Biol 161, 2381–2393 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-014-2513-8

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