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Environmental cues and constraints affecting the seasonality of dominant calanoid copepods in brackish, coastal waters: a case study of Acartia, Temora and Eurytemora species in the south-west Baltic

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Abstract

Information on physiological rates and tolerances helps one gain a cause-and-effect understanding of the role that some environmental (bottom–up) factors play in regulating the seasonality and productivity of key species. We combined the results of laboratory experiments on reproductive success and field time series data on adult abundance to explore factors controlling the seasonality of Acartia spp., Eurytemora affinis and Temora longicornis, key copepods of brackish, coastal and temperate environments. Patterns in laboratory and field data were discussed using a metabolic framework that included the effects of ‘controlling’, ‘masking’ and ‘directive’ environmental factors. Over a 5-year period, changes in adult abundance within two south-west Baltic field sites (Kiel Fjord Pier, 54°19′89N, 10°09′06E, 12–21 psu, and North/Baltic Sea Canal NOK, 54°20′45N, 9°57′02E, 4–10 psu) were evaluated with respect to changes in temperature, salinity, day length and chlorophyll a concentration. Acartia spp. dominated the copepod assemblage at both sites (up to 16,764 and 21,771 females m−3 at NOK and Pier) and was 4 to 10 times more abundant than E. affinis (to 2,939 m−3 at NOK) and T. longicornis (to 1,959 m−3 at Pier), respectively. Species-specific salinity tolerance explains differences in adult abundance between sampling sites whereas phenological differences among species are best explained by the influence of species-specific thermal windows and prey requirements supporting survival and egg production. Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic (environmental) factors influence the production of different egg types (normal and resting), regulate life-history strategies and influence match–mismatch dynamics.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Karin Boos for providing the figure of the sampling site (Fig. 1) and three anonymous reviewers for their help improving the manuscript. The laboratory experiments and field research presented in this study were supported by two grants from the German Science Foundation (DFG) in the AQUASHIFT priority programme 1164 (‘RECONN’ grants awarded to MAP, MAStJ and CC). This research was also partially funded by ‘VECTORS’ (VECTORS of Change in Oceans and Seas Marine Life, Impact on Economic Sectors, EU FP7 Contract No. 266445) awarded to MAP.

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  1. Michael A. St. John

    Present address: National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Jægersborg Allé 1, 2920, Charlottenlund, Denmark

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  1. Institute of Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, 22767, Hamburg, Germany

    A. Berenike S. Diekmann, Michael A. St. John & Myron A. Peck

  2. Leibniz Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Catriona Clemmesen & Matthias Paulsen

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Diekmann, A.B.S., Clemmesen, C., St. John, M.A. et al. Environmental cues and constraints affecting the seasonality of dominant calanoid copepods in brackish, coastal waters: a case study of Acartia, Temora and Eurytemora species in the south-west Baltic. Mar Biol 159, 2399–2414 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-012-1955-0

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