Experimental Brain Research

, Volume 232, Issue 6, pp 2021–2033 | Cite as

Manual stimulation of the whisker pad after hypoglossal–facial anastomosis (HFA) using a Y-tube conduit does not improve recovery of whisking function

  • Umut Ozsoy
  • Bahadir Murat Demirel
  • Arzu Hizay
  • Ozlem Ozsoy
  • Janina Ankerne
  • Srebrina Angelova
  • Levent Sarikcioglu
  • Yasar Ucar
  • Murat Turhan
  • Sarah Dunlop
  • Doychin N. Angelov
Research Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Facial nerve injury is a common clinical trauma involving long-term functional deficits with facial asymmetry leading to associated psychological issues and social hardship. We have recently shown that repair by hypoglossal–facial or facial–facial nerve surgical end-to-end anastomosis and suture [hypoglossal–facial anastomosis (HFA) or facial–facial anastomosis (FFA)] results in collateral axonal branching, polyinnervation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and poor function. We have also shown that another HFA repair procedure using an isogenic Y-tube (HFA + Y-tube) and involving a 10-mm gap reduces collateral axonal branching, but fails to reduce polyinnervation. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that manual stimulation (MS) of facial muscles after FFA or HFA reduces polyinnervation of NMJs and improves functional recovery. Here, we examined whether HFA + Y-tube and MS of the vibrissal muscles reduce polyinnervation and restore function. Isogenic Y-tubes were created using abdominal aortas. The proximal hypoglossal nerve was inserted into the long arm and sutured to its wall. The distal zygomatic and buccal facial nerve branches were inserted into the two short arms and likewise sutured to their walls. Manual stimulation involved gentle stroking of the vibrissal muscles by hand mimicking normal whisker movement. We evaluated vibrissal motor performance using video-based motion analysis, degree of collateral axonal branching using double retrograde labeling and the quality of NMJ reinnervation in target musculature using immunohistochemistry. MS after HFA + Y-tube reduced neither collateral branching, nor NMJ polyinnervation. Accordingly, it did not improve recovery of function. We conclude that application of MS after hypoglossal–facial nerve repair using an isogenic Y-tube is contraindicated: it does not lead to functional recovery but, rather, worsens it.

Keywords

Motoneuron Nerve repair Facial nerve Hypoglossal nerve Functional recovery Manual stimulation 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK; Science Fellowship by the Grant Programmes Department Nr. 2214 for U.O.), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (AN 331/2, AN 331/5), the Jean-Uhrmacher Foundation (S.A.) and Akdeniz University Research Fund.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • Umut Ozsoy
    • 1
  • Bahadir Murat Demirel
    • 1
  • Arzu Hizay
    • 1
  • Ozlem Ozsoy
    • 2
  • Janina Ankerne
    • 3
  • Srebrina Angelova
    • 4
  • Levent Sarikcioglu
    • 1
  • Yasar Ucar
    • 1
  • Murat Turhan
    • 5
  • Sarah Dunlop
    • 6
  • Doychin N. Angelov
    • 3
  1. 1.Department of Anatomy, Faculty of MedicineAkdeniz UniversityAntalyaTurkey
  2. 2.Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineAkdeniz UniversityAntalyaTurkey
  3. 3.Anatomical Institute IUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
  4. 4.Department of Oto-Rhino-LaryngologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
  5. 5.Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Faculty of MedicineAkdeniz UniversityAntalyaTurkey
  6. 6.School of Animal BiologyThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyAustralia

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