Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

, Volume 389, Issue 2, pp 619–630 | Cite as

Response surface methodology for the microwave-assisted extraction of insecticides from soil samples

  • M. Carmen Hernández-Soriano
  • Aránzazu Peña
  • M. Dolores Mingorance
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

The extraction of two pyrethroid insecticides (deltamethrin and α-cypermethrin) together with three organophosphorus insecticides (dimethoate, diazinon and malathion) from soil samples was carried out with microwave-assisted technology. Experimental designs showed that extraction temperature, addition of water to the extractant and solvent/soil ratio were the variables that affected the recoveries of the pesticide the most. Response surface methodology was applied to find the optimum values of the variables involved in the extractions of the analytes. In addition, in order to achieve near-optimal extraction conditions, a desirability function was used to optimize the five pesticides simultaneously. The optimized conditions were applied to different types of soils.

Keywords

Microwave-assisted extraction Soil samples Pyrethroid pesticides Organophosphorous pesticides Box–Behnken design Desirability function 

Abbreviations

BBD

Box–Behnken design

CEC

cation exchange capacity

D

desirability function

di

partial desirability function

MAE

microwave-assisted extraction

OC

organic carbon

P

probability level

PTFE

polytetrafluoroethylene

Q2

prediction coefficient

R2

determination coefficient

RP

ramp time

RSD

relative standard deviation

RSM

response surface methodology

S/S

solvent/soil ratio

Si

soil sample

TM

hold time

TP

temperature

W

additional water

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Notes

Acknowledgements

MCHS is grateful for the grant received from the Avenzoar Foundation. R. Phan-Tan-Luu is acknowledged for kindly providing the statistical package, Nemrod W. This work was partially financed by a national project from CICYT (ref. CGL2006-0544/HID).

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2007

Authors and Affiliations

  • M. Carmen Hernández-Soriano
    • 1
  • Aránzazu Peña
    • 1
  • M. Dolores Mingorance
    • 1
  1. 1.Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Química AmbientalEstación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)GranadaSpain

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