Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

, Volume 388, Issue 1, pp 227–234 | Cite as

Molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction coupled to square wave voltammetry at carbon fibre microelectrodes for the determination of fenbendazole in beef liver

  • A. Guzmán-Vázquez de Prada
  • Oscar A. Loaiza
  • B. Serra
  • D. Morales
  • P. Martínez-Ruiz
  • A. J. Reviejo
  • J. M. Pingarrón
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

A molecularly imprinted polymer was developed and used for solid-phase extraction (MISPE) of the antihelmintic fenbendazole in beef liver samples. Detection of the analyte was accomplished using square wave voltammetry (SWV) at a cylindrical carbon fibre microelectrode (CFME). A mixture of MeOH/HAc (9:1) was employed both as eluent in the MISPE system and as working medium for electrochemical detection of fenbendazole. The limit of detection was 1.9 × 10−7 mol L−1 (57 μg L−1), which was appropriate for the determination of fenbendazole at the maximum residue level permitted by the European Commission (500 μg kg−1 in liver). Given that the SW voltammetric analysis could not be directly performed in the sample extract as a consequence of interference from some sample components, a sample clean-up with a MIP for selectively retaining fenbendazole was performed. The MIP was synthesized using a 1:8:22 template/methacrylic acid/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate ratio. A Britton–Robinson Buffer of pH 9.0 was selected for retaining fenbendazole in the MIP cartridges, and an eluent volume of 5.0 mL at a flow rate of 2.0 mL min−1 was chosen in the elution step. Cross-reactivity with the MIP was observed for other benzimidazoles. The synthesized MIP exhibited a good selectivity for benzimidazoles with respect to other veterinary drugs. The applicability of the MISPE-SWV method was tested with beef liver samples, spiked with fenbendazole at 5,000 and 500 μg kg−1. Results obtained for ten different liver samples yielded mean recoveries of (95 ± 12)% and (96 ± 11)% for the upper and lower concentration level, respectively.

Keywords

Benzimidazoles Fenbendazole Molecularly imprinted polymer Square wave voltammetry Beef liver 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgements

Financial support from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Project BQU2003-00365) is gratefully acknowledged.

References

  1. 1.
    Council Regulation (ECC) (2004) No 1646/04 Off J Eur Commun No. L296/5Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Mottier L, Alvarez L, Lanusse C (2003) J Chromatogr B 798:117–125CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Moreno L, Imperiale F, Mottier L, Álvarez L, Lanusse C (2005) Anal Chim Acta 536:91–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Dowling G, Cantwell H, O’Keeffe M, Smyth MR (2005) Anal Chim Acta 529:285–292CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Balizs G, Kästner S, Erbach G (1998) In: International Symposium on Hormone and Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis, Bruges, BelgiumGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Thormann W, Prost F, Procházková A (2002) J Pharm Biomed Anal 27:555–567CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Meyer HHD, Rinke L (1991) In: Boorman KN, Buttery PJ, Lindsay DB (eds) Proceedings of the 51st Easter School in Agricultural Science, Nottingham, UKGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Hauck M, Brugger E (1989) Dtsch Lebensm-Rundsch 85:178Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Pickett RJH, Sauer MJ (1993) Anal Chim Acta 275:269–273CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Sellergren B (1994) Anal Chem 66:1578–1582CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Guzmán Vázquez de Prada A, Martínez Ruiz P, Reviejo AJ, Pingarron JM (2005) Anal Chim Acta 539:125–132CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Mena ML, Agüí L, Martínez-Ruiz P, Yánez-Sedeño P, Reviejo AJ, Pingarrón JM (2003) Anal Bioanal Chem 376:18–25Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Crescenzi C, Bayoudh S, Cormack PAG, Klein T, Ensing K (2001) Anal Chem 73:2171–2177CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Brambilla G, Fiori M, Rizzo B, Crescenzi V, Masci G (2001) J Chromatogr B 759:27–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Bjarnasson B, Chimuka L, Ramström O (1999) Anal Chem 71:2152–2156CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Cacho C, Turiel E, Martin-Esteban A, Perez-Conde C, Cámara C (2003) Anal Bioanal Chem 376:491–496CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Chapuis F, Pichon V, Lanza F, Sellergren B, Hennion MC (2004) J Chromatogr B 804:93–101CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Theodoridis G, Manesiotis P (2002) J Chromatogr A 948:163–169CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Sreenivasan K (2001) J Appl Polym Sci 82:889–893CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Theodoridis G, Kantifes A, Manesiotis P, Raikos N, Tsoukali-Papadopoulou H (2003) J Chromatogr A 987:103–109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Hu S, Li L, He XW (2005) Anal Chim Acta 537:215–222CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Andersson LI (2000) Analyst 125:1515–1517CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Andersson LI, Abdel-Rehim M, Nicklasson L, Schweitz L, Nilsson S (2002) Chromatographia 55:S65–S69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Zi-Hui M, Qin L (2001) Anal Chim Acta 435:121–127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Guzmán A, Agüí L, Pedrero M, Yánez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM (2001) Electroanalysis 13:1301–1304CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Agüí ML, Reviejo AJ, Yánez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM (1995) Anal Chem 67:2195–2200CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Balizs G (1999) J Chromatogr B 727:167–177CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Zhou H, Zhang Z, He D, Hu Y, Huang Y, Chen D (2004) Anal Chim Acta 523:237–242CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Dong H, Tong AJ, Li LD (2003) Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 59:279–284CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Aoki K (1993) Electroanalysis 5:627–639CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Sellergren B, Lanza F (2001) In: Sellergren B (eds) Molecularly imprinted polymers in solid phase extraction, man made mimics of antibodies and their applications in analytical chemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Tech Instrum Anal Chem 15:355–375Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2007

Authors and Affiliations

  • A. Guzmán-Vázquez de Prada
    • 1
  • Oscar A. Loaiza
    • 1
  • B. Serra
    • 1
  • D. Morales
    • 1
  • P. Martínez-Ruiz
    • 2
  • A. J. Reviejo
    • 1
  • J. M. Pingarrón
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
  2. 2.Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain

Personalised recommendations