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Coupling NMR to NOM

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Abstract

This work itemizes and critically assesses several 1D and multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, in both the liquid (solvent suppression, APT, DEPT, INEPT, COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY, ROESY and others) and solid states (DP, SACP, RAMP-CP, CP-TOSS, MQ-DEPT, 2D 1H–13C HETCOR and others), which are relevant to the characterization of natural organic matter (NOM). The pros and cons of many of the discussed techniques are compared in an effort to provide guidance to the most beneficial utilization of these NMR instrumental techniques for researchers interested in gaining insight into various aspects of NOM.

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Abbreviations

1D:

One dimensional

2D:

Two dimensional

APT:

Attached proton test

BIRD:

Bilinear rotation decoupling

CP:

Cross polarization

COSY:

Correlation spectroscopy

CSA:

Chemical shift anisotropy

DEPT:

Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DOSY:

Diffusion ordered spectroscopy

DP:

Direct polarization

DQ:

Double quantum

FID:

Free induced decay

FT:

Fourier transform

FT-ICR-MS:

Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectroscopy

HETCOR:

Heteronuclear correlation

HH:

Hartmann–Hahn

HMBC:

Heteronuclear multiple bond correlation

HMQC:

Heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence

HSQC:

Heteronuclear single quantum coherence

INEPT:

Insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer

LR-COSY:

Long-range COSY

MAS:

Magic-angle spinning

MQ:

Multiple quantum

MS:

Mass spectroscopy

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NOE:

Nuclear Overhauser enhancement

NOESY:

Nuclear Overhauser enhanced spectroscopy

NOM:

Natural organic matter

PASS:

Phase adjustment of spinning sidebands

RAMP:

Ramped amplitude

RESTORE:

Restoration of spectra via T CH and T one rho (T 1ρH) editing

r.f.:

Radio frequency

ROESY:

Rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy

SACP:

Single amplitude cross polarization

SOM:

Soil organic matter

SS:

Spinning sideband

TMS:

Tetramethylsilane

TOCSY:

Total correlation spectroscopy

TOSS:

Total suppression of sidebands

TPPM:

Two-pulse phase modulation

VCT:

Variable contact time

VSL:

Variable spin lock

WATERGATE:

Water suppression by gradient tailored excitation

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University and Southern University, 636 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA

    Robert L. Cook

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Cook, R.L. Coupling NMR to NOM. Anal Bioanal Chem 378, 1484–1503 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-2422-z

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