Archives of Microbiology

, Volume 197, Issue 4, pp 533–537 | Cite as

Proteolytic activity and cytokine up-regulation by non-albicans Candida albicans

  • Ali Nawaz
  • Pirjo Pärnänen
  • Kirsti Kari
  • Jukka H. Meurman
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

Mouth is an important source of infections and oral infections such as Candida infections increase the risk of mortality. Our purpose was to investigate differences in proteolytic activity of non-albicans Candida albicans (non-albicans Candida) between clinical isolates and laboratory samples. The second aim was to assess the concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α in saliva of patients with the non-albicans Candida and Candida-negative saliva samples. Clinical yeast samples from our laboratory were used for analyses. Candida strains were grown in YPG at 37 °C for 24 h in water bath with shaking. The activity of Candida proteinases of cell and cell-free fractions were analyzed by MDPF-gelatin zymography. The levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α were measured from saliva with ELISA. The study showed differences in the proteolytic activity among the non-albicans Candida strains. C. tropicalis had higher proteolytic activity when compared to the other strains. Significant difference was found in salivary IL-1β levels between the non-albicans Candida and control strains (P < 0.002). The present findings showed differences in proteolytic activity among the non-albicans Candida strains. The increased IL-1β concentration may be one of the host response components associated with non-albicans Candida infection.

Keywords

Non-albicansCandida albicans Proteolysis Saliva Cytokine expression 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The study was carried out during 2012–2013 at the Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, in Finland. The study was supported by EVO grant from the Helsinki University Central Hospital to J.H.M., and Chancellors grant to Ali Nawaz.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Ali Nawaz
    • 1
    • 2
  • Pirjo Pärnänen
    • 1
    • 2
  • Kirsti Kari
    • 1
    • 2
  • Jukka H. Meurman
    • 1
    • 2
  1. 1.Institute of DentistryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
  2. 2.Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesHelsinki University Central HospitalHelsinkiFinland

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