Osteoporosis International

, Volume 15, Issue 11, pp 872–880 | Cite as

No effect of vitamin A intake on bone mineral density and fracture risk in perimenopausal women.

  • L. Rejnmark
  • P. Vestergaard
  • P. Charles
  • A. P. Hermann
  • C. Brot
  • P. Eiken
  • L. Mosekilde
Original Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

In recent studies from Sweden and the United States, a high vitamin A intake has been associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. In Sweden and the United States, food items such as milk and breakfast cereals are fortified with vitamin A, whereas in Denmark there is no mandatory fortification with vitamin A. In the present study, we investigated relations between vitamin A intake and BMD and fracture risk in a Danish population consuming mostly unfortified food items. Within a population-based cohort study in 2,016 perimenopausal women, associations between BMD and vitamin A intake were assessed at baseline and after 5-year follow-up. Moreover, associations between baseline vitamin A intake and 5-year changes in BMD were studied. Finally, fracture risk was assessed in relation to vitamin A intake. In our cohort, dietary retinol intake (0.53 mg/day) was lower than the intake reported in recent studies form Sweden (0.78 mg/day) and the United States (1.66 mg/day). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses showed no associations between intake of vitamin A and BMD of the femoral neck or lumbar spine. Neither did BMD differ between those 5% who had the highest, and those 5% who had the lowest, vitamin A intake. During the 5-year study period, 163 subjects sustained a fracture (cases). Compared to 978 controls, logistic regression analyses revealed no difference in vitamin A intake. Thus, in a Danish population, average vitamin A intake is lower than in Sweden and the United States and not associated with detrimental effects on bone.

Keywords

Bone mineral density Fracture Osteoporosis Vitamin A Women 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

The project was made possible by a grant from Karen Elise Jensen’s Foundation, Denmark. Drugs were provided free of charge by Novo Nordic, Denmark, Leo Pharmaceutical Products, Denmark, and Ciba Geigy, Denmark.

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Copyright information

© International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2004

Authors and Affiliations

  • L. Rejnmark
    • 1
  • P. Vestergaard
    • 1
  • P. Charles
    • 1
  • A. P. Hermann
    • 4
  • C. Brot
    • 2
  • P. Eiken
    • 3
  • L. Mosekilde
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus AmtssygehusAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
  2. 2.The Osteoporosis Research CentreHvidovre HospitalHvidovreDenmark
  3. 3.Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Physiology and Nuclear MedicineHilleroed HospitalHilleroedDenmark
  4. 4.Department of EndocrinologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark

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