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The effect of beam oscillations on the microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded steel joints

  • Krishna KomerlaEmail author
  • Stefan Gach
  • Thomas Vossel
  • Alexander Schwedt
  • Andreas Bührig-Polaczek
  • Uwe Reisgen
  • Wolfgang Bleck
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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Abstract

The influence of beam oscillations on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon steels, subjected to electron beam welding, was investigated. Beam oscillations created a dynamic distribution of power around the stationary position of the beam resulting in the enhanced flow of heat inside the keyhole and yielded wider fusion and heat-affected zones. A reduction in the undercutting at the weld root was also achieved through beam oscillation. The weld microstructure consisted of large columnar grains in the fusion zone and equiaxed grains of varying sizes in the heat-affected zone. The variation in grain size across the weld joint was attributed to the steep temperature gradients produced during electron beam welding. High hardness was seen in the fusion and heat-affected zones due to the occurrence of martensite. Weld samples fabricated using beam oscillations showed lower microhardness compared with joints produced by stationary beam welding. This decrease in hardness arose from enhanced grain growth and additional diffusion of carbon out of the austenite lattice due to beam oscillations. Beam oscillations did not introduce any significant morphological changes to the weld microstructure, but resulted in enhanced tensile strength and lower microhardness in the weld joints.

Keywords

Electron beam welding Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) Microhardness Phase transformation Weld microstructure Tensile properties 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for their continued support of our research in the Collaborative Research Centre SFB1120 ‘Precision Melt Engineering’.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  • Krishna Komerla
    • 1
    Email author
  • Stefan Gach
    • 2
  • Thomas Vossel
    • 3
  • Alexander Schwedt
    • 4
  • Andreas Bührig-Polaczek
    • 3
  • Uwe Reisgen
    • 2
  • Wolfgang Bleck
    • 5
  1. 1.Steel Institute IEHKRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
  2. 2.Welding and Joining Institute ISFRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
  3. 3.The Foundry Institute GIRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
  4. 4.Central Facility for Electron Microscopy GFERWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
  5. 5.Steel Institute IEHKRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany

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