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Predictive cutting force model for a cryogenic machining process incorporating the phase transformation of Ti-6Al-4V

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Abstract

Titanium alloys have been attracting interest in aerospace industries because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. However, they are classified as difficult-to-machine materials due to poor tool life in machining processes. Cryogenic machining is a process that uses liquid nitrogen (LN2) as a coolant, and proposed as a method to enhance tool life in the present study. This paper presents a theoretical study to develop a predictive cutting force model for cryogenic machining of Ti-6Al-4V. A modified (in terms of cutting temperature) Johnson-Cook model that considers phase transformation, and a friction coefficient were used as input parameters for inclusion of the cryogenic cooling effect. The predictive cutting force model was validated based on an orthogonal cutting test. The predicted forces showed good agreement with the experimental data, with minimum and maximum error magnitudes of 1.9 and 17.7% for cutting force, and 0.3 and 32.8% for thrust force, respectively. Investigation of the effects of cryogenic cooling on the cutting force, micro-structure, surface integrity and burr height were conducted. The cutting force during cryogenic machining was increased compared to dry machining by a martensitic phase transformation of the work material. There was no effect of cooling condition on the surface roughness. The burr height under cryogenic conditions was decreased by 56.2 and 28.2% compared to the dry and wet conditions, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the development of liquid nitrogen-based cryogenic machining technology and system for titanium and CGI machining funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of Korea (No. 10048871) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2017R1A5A1015311).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-gil 50, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, Republic of Korea, 689-798

    Do Young Kim, Dong Min Kim & Hyung Wook Park

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  1. Do Young Kim
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  2. Dong Min Kim
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Correspondence to Hyung Wook Park.

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Research highlights

We developed the predictive model of cryogenic machining with the phase transformation.

Experimental validations of FEM simulation and cutting forces were performed.

Martensitic phase transformation increases cutting forces at high cutting speed.

Cryogenic machining can improve the productivity by decreasing the burr height.

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Kim, D.Y., Kim, D.M. & Park, H.W. Predictive cutting force model for a cryogenic machining process incorporating the phase transformation of Ti-6Al-4V. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 96, 1293–1304 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-1606-9

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