An investigation into weld defects of spot-welded dual-phase steel

  • Dawei Zhao
  • Yuanxun Wang
  • Dongjie Liang
  • Peng Zhang
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Welding defects are generally considered to be undesirable in resistance spot welding process because they suggest deterioration of weld quality. A systematic investigation was undertaken with regard to addressing the effects of the welding defects, which were expulsion, shrinkage void, and cracks, on the quality of the welding joints for dual-phase steel. Peak load, the maximum displacement, energy absorption, and failure modes of the welding joints in the tensile shear tests were utilized to characterize welds performances. On the other hand, the nugget diameter was measured to describe the physical spot weld attributes. The metallographic observations and Vickers microhardness tests of the welding joints with defects were also carried out to better comprehend the mechanism of the welding defect occurrence.

Keywords

Advanced high-strength steel Resistance spot welding Expulsion Shrinkage void and crack Welding quality 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Huin T, Dancette S, Fabrègue D, Dupuy T (2016) Investigation of the failure of advanced high strength steels heterogeneous spot welds. Metals 6:111–130CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Emre HE, Kaçar R (2016) Development of weld lobe for resistance spot-welded TRIP800 steel and evaluation of fracture mode of its weldment. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 83:1737–1747CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Fujimoto H, Ueda H, Ueji R, Fujii H (2016) Improvement of fatigue properties of resistance spot welded joints in high strength steel sheets by shot blast processing. ISIJ Int 56:1276–1284CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Pakkanen J, Vallant R, Kičin M (2016) Experimental investigation and numerical simulation of resistance spot welding for residual stress evaluation of DP1000 steel. Welding in the World 60:393–402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Jaber HL, Pouranvari M, Marashi SPH, Alizadeh-Sh M, Salim RK, Hashim FA (2014) Dissimilar spot welding of dual phase steel/ferritic stainless steel: phase transformations. Sci Technol Weld Join 19:565–571CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Pouranvari M, Marashi SPH, Jaber HL (2015) DP780 dual-phase-steel spot welds: critical fusion-zone size ensuring the pull-out failure mode. Mater Technol 49:579–585Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Long H, Hu Y, Jin X, Shao J, Zhu H (2016) Effect of holding time on microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance spot welds between low carbon steel and advanced high strength steel. Comput Mater Sci 117:556–563CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Muhammad N, Ashari A, Samsuddin NM, Ismail MS, Manurung YHP, Laafar R, Tharazi I (2015) Evaluation of nugget formation in resistance spot welding of dissimilar materials, innovation & commercialization of medical electronic technology conference, 94–99Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Shim J, Faridh M, Yu J, Rhee S (2016) The weldability of dissimilar three-steel sheet using constant power control method for resistance spot welding. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials Design and Applications 230:959–967Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    Banerjee P, Sarkar R, Pal TK, Shome M (2016) Effect of nugget size and notch geometry on the high cycle fatigue performance of resistance spot welded DP590 steel sheets. J Mater Process Technol 238:226–243CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Wang B, Hua L, Wang X, Li J (2016) Effects of electrode tip morphology on resistance spot welding quality of DP590 dual-phase steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 83:1917–1926CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Sawanishi C, Ogura T, Taniguchi K, Ikeda R, Oi K, Yasuda K, Hirose A (2014) Mechanical properties and microstructures of resistance spot welded DP980 steel joints using pulsed current pattern. Sci Technol Weld Join 19:52–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Akinay Y, Hayat F (2016) Investigation of resistance spot welds between DP450 steel and aluminum alloys. Materials Testing 58:408–412CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Japanese Standards Association (1999) Specimen dimensions and procedure for shear testing resistance spot and embossed projection welded joints, JIS Z3136Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Recommended practices for test methods for evaluating the resistance spot welding behavior of automotive sheet steel materials (1997) ANSI/AWS/SAE/D8.9–97, Miami, ML, USA, AWSGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Zhou M, Hu SJ, Zhang H (1999) Critical specimen sizes for tensile-shear testing of steel sheets. Weld J 78:305s–313sGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Kianersi D, Mostafaei A, Amadeh AA (2014) Resistance spot welding joints of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel sheets: phase transformations, mechanical properties and microstructure characterizations. Mater Des 61:251–263CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Zhao D, Wang Y, Sheng S, Lin Z (2014) Multi-objective optimal design of small scale resistance spot welding process with principal component analysis and response surface methodology. J Intell Manuf 25:1335–1348CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Arghavani MR, Movahedi M, Kokabi AH (2016) Role of zinc layer in resistance spot welding of aluminium to steel. Mater Des 102:106–114CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Ramazani A, Mukherjee K, Abdurakhmanov A, Abbasi M, Prahl U (2015) Characterization of microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded DP600 steel. Metals 5:1704–1716CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Gomes GF, Viéville P, Durrenberger L (2017) Dynamic behavior investigation of spot welding machines and its influence on weld current range by modal analysis. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 39:765–773CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Kim DC, Park HJ, Hwang IS, Kang MJ (2009) Resistance spot welding of aluminum alloy sheet 5J32 using SCR type and inverter type power supplies. Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 38:55–60Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    Hao M, Osman KA, Boomer DR, Newton CJ, Sheasby PG (1996) On-line nugget expulsion detection for aluminum spot welding and weldbonding. SAE Transactions Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 105:209–218Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    Pouranvari M, Khorramifar M, Marashi SPH (2016) Ferritic–austenitic stainless steels dissimilar resistance spot welds: metallurgical and failure characteristics. Sci Technol Weld Join 21:438–445CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Yuan X, Li C, Chen J, Li X, Liang X, Pan X (2017) Resistance spot welding of dissimilar DP600 and DC54D steels. J Mater Process Technol 239:31–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Razmpoosh MH, Shamanian M, Esmailzadeh M (2015) The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded Fe-31Mn-3Al-3Si TWIP steel. Mater Des 67:571–576CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Pouranvari M, Marashi SPH (2010) Factors affecting mechanical properties of resistance spot welds. Mater Sci Technol 26:1137–1144CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Vignier S, Biro E, Hervé M (2014) Predicting the hardness profile across resistance spot welds in martensitic steels. Welding in the World 58:297–305CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Nayak SS, Zhou Y, Hernandez VHB, Biro E (2012) Resistance spot welding of dual-phase steels: heat affected zone softening and tensile properties, 9th international conference on trends in welding research, 641–649Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    Ashiri R, Shamanian M, Salimijazi HR, Haque MA, Bae JH, Ji CW, Chin KG, Park YD (2016) Liquid metal embrittlement-free welds of Zn-coated twinning induced plasticity steels. Scr Mater 114:41–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag London 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Dawei Zhao
    • 1
    • 2
  • Yuanxun Wang
    • 2
  • Dongjie Liang
    • 3
  • Peng Zhang
    • 2
  1. 1.School of Mechanical EngineeringLinyi UniversityLinyiChina
  2. 2.Department of Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering and MechanicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
  3. 3.Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute of Metrology & TestNanningChina

Personalised recommendations