A computer-aided design system for foot-feature-based shoe last customization

  • Shuping Xiong
  • Jianhui Zhao
  • Zuhua Jiang
  • Ming Dong
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

There has been a growing trend among shoe manufacturers to introduce customized shoes to satisfy varying customer style, fit, and comfort needs, thus to increase the product’s added value. This study presents a computer-aided design (CAD) system for designing a customized shoe last based on the chosen shoe style and customer’s foot features. The CAD system first automatically extracts 18 important foot features from a laser-scanned customer’s foot. Then, it applies a global grading with a local deformation approach that can deform the base shoe last with the customer’s chosen style to the customized shoe last based on the extracted foot features while maintaining the customer’s chosen style. Finally, the system evaluates the final foot shoe last fit and represents the fit in a contoured figure. The experimental results show that the proposed CAD system can be adopted by shoe manufacturers to make customized shoes with the customer’s chosen style and foot size and shape.

Keywords

Customized shoe Computer-aided design Shoe last Foot feature Grading Fit 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Luximon A (2001) Foot shape evaluation for footwear fitting. PhD thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong KongGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Xiong S (2008) Pressure perception on the foot and the mechanical properties of foot tissue during constrained standing among Chinese. PhD thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong KongGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Chong WKF, Chan PPC (1992) Consumer buying behaviour in sports footwear industry (Hong Kong). Business Research Centre, Hong Kong Baptist CollegeGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    McEvoy C (1996) Comfort is job one. Sporting Goods Bus 29(9):S10Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Au EYL, Goonetilleke RS (2007) A qualitative study on the comfort and fit of ladies’ dress shoes. Appl Ergon 38(6):687–696. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2006.12.002 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Goonetilleke RS, Luximon A (2001) Designing for comfort: a footwear application. Proceedings of the Computer-Aided Ergonomics and Safety Conference 2001, (July 28–Aug 2) Maui, Hawaii (Plenary Session). CD-ROMGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Leng J, Du R (2005) A deformation method for shoe last customization. Comput Aided Des Appl 2(1–4):11–18Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Leng J, Du R (2006) A CAD approach for designing customized shoe last. Comput Aided Des Appl 3(1–4):377–384Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Luximon A, Goonetilleke RS, Tsui KL (2001) A fit metric for footwear customization. Proceedings of the 2001 World Congress on Mass Customization and Personalization, October 1–2, 2001, Hong Kong. CD-ROMGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Vorum Research Corporation (2000) User manual of Canfit-Plus™ Yeti™ foot scanner. CanadaGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Zhao J, Xiong S, Bu Y, Goonetilleke RS (2008) Computerized girth determination for custom footwear manufacture. Comput Ind Eng 54(3):359–373. doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2007.07.015 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Feng J (2002) Footwear fit modeling and evaluation. Master thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong KongGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Clarks, Ltd. Training Department (1989) Manual of shoe making. Training Department Clarks, UKGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    Rossi WA, Tennant R (2000) Professional shoe fitting. Pedorthic Footwear Association with acknowledgement to the National Shoe Retailers Association, New YorkGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Xiong S, Goonetilleke RS, Witana CP, Au EYL (2008) Modelling foot height and foot shape related dimensions. Ergonomics 51(8):1272–1289. doi: 10.1080/00140130801996147 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Novotni M, Klein R (2001) Geometric 3D comparison—an application. Proceedings of ECDL WS Generalized Documents, ECDL 2001. September 8, Darmstadt, GermanyGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Hwang TJ, Lee K, Oh HY, Jeong JH (2005) Derivation of template shoe-lasts for efficient fabrication of custom-ordered shoe-lasts. Comput-Aided Des 37(12):1241–1250. doi: 10.1016/j.cad.2004.12.002 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    Niu J, Li Z, Salvendy G (2007) Mathematical methods for shape analysis and form comparison in 3D anthropometry: a literature review. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Digit Hum Model 4561:161–170. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-73321-8_20 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    Mochimaru M, Kouchi M, Dohi M (2000) Analysis of 3D human foot forms using the free form deformation method and its application in grading shoe last. Ergonomics 43(9):1301–1313. doi: 10.1080/001401300421752 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    Xu C, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Pan Y (2004) Design and realization of customized shoe last CAD system. J Comput-Aided Des Comput Graph 16(10):1437–1441 in ChineseGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    Yau HT, Chen JS (1997) Reverse engineering of complex geometry using rational B-splines. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 13:548–555. doi: 10.1007/BF01176298 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    Lee RT, Cheng WS (2002) A multizone scaling method for CAD in shoe sole design. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 19:313–317. doi: 10.1007/s001700200018 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    Sun Y, Guo D, Jia Z, Liu W (2006) B-spline surface reconstruction and direct slicing from point clouds. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 27:918–924. doi: 10.1007/s00170-004-2281-6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    Alvares AJ, Ferreira JCE (2008) A system for the design and manufacture of feature-based parts through the Internet. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 35:646–664. doi: 10.1007/s00170-006-0743-8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    Kim SH, Shin KH (2009) A method for deforming a surface model using guide surfaces in shoe design. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 42:60–72. doi: 10.1007/S00170-008-1578-2 CrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  26. 26.
    Hu J, Luo L, Peng W, Yao Z (2008) An algorithm for generating spiral tool path of shoe last with varying pitch. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 39:755–759. doi: 10.1007/s00170-007-1256-9 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 27.
    Xing DH, Deng QM, Ling SL, Chen WL, Shen DL (2000) Handbook of Chinese shoe making: design, technique and equipment (in Chinese). Press of Chemical Industry, Beijing, PR ChinaGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    Witana CP, Xiong S, Zhao J, Goonetilleke RS (2006) Foot measurements from three-dimensional scans: a comparison and evaluation of different methods. Int J Ind Ergon 36(9):789–807. doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2006.06.004 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    Hu SM, Li YF, Ju T, Zhu X (2001) Modifying the shape of NURBS surfaces with geometric constraints. Comput-Aided Des 33(12):903–912. doi: 10.1016/S0010-4485(00)00115-9 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    Hu J, Shen H, Zeng S, Wang Y (2006) B-spline tool offset of a free-form curve in the shoe last high-speed machining CNC system. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 30:864–869. doi: 10.1007/s00170-005-0129-3 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    Lochner SJ (2009) Automation of shoe last modification and tool path planning. Master thesis, University of Waterloo, CanadaGoogle Scholar
  32. 32.
    Piller FT (2002) EuroShoE consortium: the market for customized footwear in Europe market demand and consumers’ preferences. Technische Universität MünchenGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Du X, Jiao J, Tseng MM (2006) Understanding customer satisfaction in product customization. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 31:396–406. doi: 10.1007/s00170-005-0177-8 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. 34.
    Thorsten B, Gerhard F (2006) Mass customization: challenges and solutions. Springer, USAMATHGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    Cheng K, Webb D (2006) Editorial: special issue on “Digital Manufacturing and Enterprise Technologies”. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 30:909–910. doi: 10.1007/s00170-005-0075-0 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. 36.
    Shi N, Yi S, Xiong S, Jiang Z (2009) A CAD system for shoe last customization. 2009 International Symposium on Applied Computing and Computational Sciences, 24–26 April, Sanya, Hainan Island, China, pp 957–960Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    Jimeno AM, Chamizo JMG, Salas F (2001) Shoe last machining using virtual digitizing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 17:744–750. doi: 10.1007/s001700170120 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 38.
    Xiong S, Goonetilleke RS, Zhao J, Li W, Witana CP (2009) Foot deformation under different load bearing conditions and their relationships to stature and body weight. Anthropol Sci (published online in J-STAGE. doi: 10.1537/ase.070915)
  39. 39.
    Witana CP, Goonetilleke RS, Xiong S, Au EYL (2009) Effects of surface characteristics on the plantar shape of feet and subjects’ perceived sensations. Applied Ergonomics 40:267–279. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2008.04.014 CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2009

Authors and Affiliations

  • Shuping Xiong
    • 1
    • 2
  • Jianhui Zhao
    • 3
  • Zuhua Jiang
    • 1
  • Ming Dong
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
  2. 2.Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing EnvironmentShanghaiChina
  3. 3.School of ComputerWuhan UniversityWuhanChina

Personalised recommendations