Intensive Care Medicine

, Volume 30, Issue 3, pp 481–488 | Cite as

Dynamic elastic pressure-volume loops in healthy pigs recorded with inspiratory and expiratory sinusoidal flow modulation

Relationship to static pressure-volume loops
  • Ulrika Bitzén
  • Björn Drefeldt
  • Lisbet Niklason
  • Björn Jonson
Experimental
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Objective

The objective was to analyse relationships between inspiratory and expiratory static and dynamic elastic pressure-volume (Pel/V) curves in healthy pigs.

Design

The modulated low flow method was developed to allow studies also of the expiratory Pel/V curves. Static Pel/V (Pel,st/V) and dynamic Pel/V (Pel,dyn/V) loops were studied in healthy pigs.

Setting

Animal research laboratory in a university hospital.

Material

Ten healthy anaesthetised and paralysed pigs.

Interventions and measurements

A computer controlled a Servo Ventilator 900C with respect to respiratory rate, inspiratory flow and expiratory pressure to achieve a sinusoidal modulation of inspiration and expiration for determination of Pel,dyn/V loops from zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) and from a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 6 cmH2O to 20, 35 and 50 cmH2O. The same system was used for studies of Pel,st/V loops with the flow-interruption method from ZEEP and PEEP to 35 cmH2O. Recordings were analysed with an iterative technique.

Results

The feasibility of automated determination of Pel,dyn/V loops was demonstrated. Differences between Pel,dyn/V and Pel,st/V loops were explained by viscoelastic behaviour. Pel,st/V loops recorded from PEEP to 35 cmH2O showed no significant hysteresis, indicating a non-significant surface tension hysteresis. Pel,dyn/V loops from PEEP and both Pel,st/V and Pel,dyn/V loops from ZEEP to 35 cmH2O showed hysteresis. This indicates that lung collapse/re-expansion caused Pel/V loop hysteresis which, in Pel,dyn/V loops, was augmented by viscoelastic behaviour.

Conclusions

Viscoelasticity influences Pel,dyn/V curves. Hysteresis caused by surface tension merits re-evaluation. Lung collapse and re-expansion may be indicated by hysteresis of Pel/V loops.

Keywords

Hysteresis Compliance Respiratory mechanics Swine Mechanical ventilation 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

The study was supported by the Swedish Research Council (02872) and by the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation.

Supplementary material

supp.pdf (238 kb)
Supplementary Material (PDF 180 KB)

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2004

Authors and Affiliations

  • Ulrika Bitzén
    • 1
  • Björn Drefeldt
    • 1
  • Lisbet Niklason
    • 1
  • Björn Jonson
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Clinical PhysiologyLund University HospitalLundSweden

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